NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
Question:
what is the nucleus of a cell?
Answer:
the control center of the cell, contains nearly all the cell's DNA
Question:
How does the body maintain homeostasis?
Answer:
negative feedback loops & cellular permeability by having the ability of a cell to allow passage of certain substances, while not permitting others to exit
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Question:
What is free passage in a cell?
Answer:
free passage in and out of the cell, includes:
- enzymes, glucose and electrolytes
- enzymes: are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions in cells
- Glucose: is a sugar molecule that provides energy
Electrolytes: are chemical that are charged conductors and dissolve in water
Question:
How does diffusion work?
Answer:
It is described as the movement of solutes (particles dissolved in a solvent, like water) from one area of higher concentration to lower concentration using no energy to do so (PASSIVE TRANSPORT)
Question:
How does osmosis work?
Answer:
* PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Process in which solvents, such as water, pass from one solution of lower concentration to a solution of higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
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- occurs only in liquids and gases
Question:
Describe facilitated diffusion
Answer:
* PASSIVE TRANSPORT
materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins
needs OXYGEN
Question:
Describe active transport
Answer:
The movement of substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, against a concentration gradient
this movement requires a carrier molecule and energy ( ATP) to be able to go across the gradient.
ex: sodium-potassium (NA+ K+) pump is an active transport
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Question:
Endocytosis is what ?
Answer:
The process of bringing a substance into the cell
- The cell membrane surrounds the entering particles, engulfing them.
NEEDS OXYGEN
Question:
What does phagocytosis mean?
Answer:
* CELL EATING
- Occurs when this process involves solid particle.
EX: macrophages
- when we bring white blood cells to eat the bacteria. Attack larger bacteria)
Question:
What does pinocytosis do?
Answer:
* CELL DRINKING
- Takes place when this process involve a liquid.
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