Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers 2024/2025 What is allergic asthma associated with? - Correct Answer Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated What are the S&S of ARDS? - Correct Answer SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - Correct Answer Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung What is cystic fibrosis? - Correct Answer Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive) Changes with an asthma attack: - Correct Answer Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing) How do you interpret ABG's? - Correct Answer 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
- Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
- Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
- Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
- Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - Correct Answer Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - Correct Answer Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - Correct Answer Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - Correct Answer Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) 1 / 2
What are signs of renal cancer? - Correct Answer No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) How do you manage end stage renal disease? - Correct Answer Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic) What do you call kidney pain? - Correct Answer Nephralgia What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - Correct Answer Creatinine What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - Correct Answer E. coli What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - Correct Answer Hypovolemia - Give Fluids What causes acute intrarenal failure? - Correct Answer Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia What do we see associated with SIADH? - Correct Answer Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted) What causes myxedema coma? - Correct Answer Hypothyroidism What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - Correct Answer Impaired Glucose Transport What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - Correct Answer Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia) Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - Correct Answer Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - Correct Answer Give Insulin
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