pg. 1 Pathophysiology Final Practice Exam 2025 Test Bank with 150 Questions and Correct Verified Answers | Patho Final Exam Prep 2025-2026| NURS 4338 Pathophysiology
A patient comes into the ER and is shaking and states that she has a sharp pain that's in her upper stomach going all the way up into her back. Her labs come back and show she is experiencing hyperglycemia and a high WBC count, what is she most likely experiencing?
- Diabetes crisis
- Type II diabetes
- Cholilithiasis
- Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER-D. Acute pancreatitis
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:
- Accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct
- Obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone
- Accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder
- Viral infection of the gallbladder - ANSWER-B. Obstruction of the cystic duct
by a gallstone
Tissue damage in pancreatitis is caused by:
- Insulin toxicity
- Autoimmune destruction of the pancreas
- Leakage of pancreatic enzymes 1 / 4
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- Hydrochloric acid reflux into the pancreatic duct - ANSWER-c. Leakage of
pancreatic enzymes
A patient comes into the ER complaining of trouble breathing and enlargement of the neck which began occurring a month after she stopped eating iodized salt due to an allergy. Her symptoms describe what pathophysiology?
- Hyperplasia of the jugular ligaments
- Cushing's syndrome
- Thyroid storm
- Goiter - ANSWER-D. Goiter
A patient asks what it means that he was just diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II. What is the best explanation?
- Your body is not producing the ADH it needs
- Your alpha cells in the pancreas is producing insulin that is no longer effective
- You have an autoimmune disease what has destroyed your insulin secreting
- Your cells are becoming immune to insulin - ANSWER-D. Your cells are
cells
becoming immune to insulin
A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his stroke?
- Age
- Gender
- Diabetes
- Race - ANSWER-C. Diabetes
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pg. 3 A 38-year-old female complains of epigastric fullness following a meal, nausea, and epigastric pain. Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach
and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as:
- Ileocecal obstruction
- Hiatal hernia
- Pyloric obstruction
- Hiatal obstruction - ANSWER-C. Pyloric obstruction
A 39-year-old female presents with abdominal pain and jaundice. She is diagnosed with gallstones and undergoes cholecystectomy. An analysis of her gallstones
would most likely reveal a high concentration of:
- Phosphate
- Bilirubin
- Urate
- Cholesterol - ANSWER-D. Cholesterol
A 40-year-old male presents with epigastric pain. Tests reveal acute pancreatitis.
The most likely cause of his condition is:
- Pancreatic duct obstruction by a malignant tumor
- Surgical trauma to the pancreas
- Obstruction of the biliary tract by a gallstone
- Toxic injury to the pancreas from nonprescription medications - ANSWER-c.
Obstruction of the biliary tract by a gallstone
A 42-year-old female presents with abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding. Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach. Which of the following would most likely follow?
- Pernicious anemia 3 / 4
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- Osmotic diarrhea
- Increased acid secretion
- Decreased gastrin secretion - ANSWER-A. pernicious anemia
A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing.
He probably has:
- Pyloric stenosis
- Gastric cancer
- Achalasia
- Hiatal hernia - ANSWER-D. Hiatel hernia
A 50-year-old male complains of frequently recurring abdominal pain, diarrhea,
and bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be:
- Ulcerative colitis
- Hiatal hernia
- Pyloric obstruction
- Achalasia - ANSWER-A. Ulcerative colitis
A 54-year-old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?
- Thrombosis in the spleen
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Left ventricular failure
- Renal stenosis - ANSWER-b. Cirrhosis of the liver
A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most
likely caused by:
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