NR 507: Advanced
Pathophysiology Midterm Asthma - -Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles What are 5 s/s of asthma - -coughing wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest tightness Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - --airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm -excess mucus production and accumulation -hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle -airflow obstruction -decreased alveolar ventilation Bronchioles - -smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
- layers of the bronchioles - 1 / 3
-innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer lamina propria - -the middle layer of the bronchioles structure of the lamina propria - -embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells purpose of the lamina propria - -white blood cells are present to help protect the airways How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - -the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - -columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - -smooth muscle cells 2 / 3
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - -control the airways ability to constrict and dilate alveolar hyperinflation - -When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside how does hyperinflation occur? - -the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - --expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
- increasing bronchodilation
- / 3
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - -tiotropium and ipratropium What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - -These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - -the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow