Pathophysiology OA Review Questions

Pathophysiology OA Review Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers

2024/2025

What is diffusion ? - Correct Answer The process by which molecules passively spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Water and electrolytes diffuse from high concentration to lower concentration until an equilibrium is reached what are the signs and symptoms of retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer 1. hairnet like vision

(PRIORITY)

• "curtain-like" half vision loss
• FLOATERS and cobweb looking vision
• flashes of light

What are some risk factors for retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer 1. MARFAN SYNDROME

• trauma to the head
• cataract surgery
• inflammation caused by cytomegalovirus

What is the pathophysiology of retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer Retinal detachment occurs when the inner layers of the retina break away from the retinal epithelial cells and choroid layer. This is often caused by fluid accumulation in between the layers from liquefied vitreous, inflammatory conditions of the choroid layer, hypertensive retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell disease, or penetrating trauma.What protozoan causes malaria? - Correct Answer 1. Plasmodium falciparum

• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malariae

Why does osmotic diarrhea occur? - Correct Answer Osmotic diarrhea occurs because of an increase in the osmotic load presented to the intestinal lumen because of diminished absorption 1 / 3

What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis? - Correct Answer )1. REBOUND TENDERNESS on RLQ. Usually pain is between the right hip area and belly button (MCBURNEY'S POINT)

• Low-grade fever
• Patient wanting to remain stationary
• Jumping, coughing that hurts abdomen
• Psoas sign (elicited by having the patient lie on his or her left side while the right thigh is flexed

backward)

• Guarding
• Rectal Pain
• Rovsing's sign (characterized by right lower abdominal pain upon palpation of the left side of the

lower abdomen) What is phagocytosis? - Correct Answer Phagocytosis involves recognition and attachment of the leukocyte to the foreign matter, engulfment, and degradation or killing of the ingested matter What causes pancreatitis? - Correct Answer 1. Alcohol abuse

• Gallbladder disease (gallstones)
• Cystic fibrosis
• ECRP procedure
• High blood triglyce4rides
• Abdominal injury
• Certain medications
• Toxins

What is the pathophysiology of pancreatitis? - Correct Answer During the inflammatory process, the digestive enzymes attack the pancreatic tissue, which causes autodigestion. In chronic pancreatitis, recurring inflammation occurs causing gradual destruction of the gland, leaving it nonfunctional, fibrotic, and atrophied Lymphoblast cancer characteristics - Correct Answer 1. Frequent infection (ranging from tonsils, canker sores, diarrhea, etc)

• Anemia
• Flulike symptoms
• enlarged lymph nodes or spleen (often the initial sign) 2 / 3

• Persistent bone pain due to stretching of the marrow
• Unexplained bruising, gingival bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy menstrural periods (due to crowding

out of healthy platelets)

• Headaches (If lymphoblast cells invade the CNS)

How is herpes simplex virus transmitted? - Correct Answer In HSV-2, During sexual activity or close skin contact, the virus can spread from these lesions to partners. HSV2 can be transmitted during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods.How do we know that the prostate cancer is worsening? - Correct Answer In more, advanced

disease:

• The prostate gland can obstruct urine flow from the bladder. This usually causes urinary symptoms

such as decreased force of stream, hesitancy (urine flow stops and starts), and incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Late-stage symptoms include:

• hematuria,
• azotemia
• anemia
• anorexia
• Back pain also is often a late-stage symptom caused by vertebral bone metastasis.

What are the treatments for prostate cancer? - Correct Answer 1. active surveillance

• watchful waiting
• surgical removal of the prostate
• different types of radiation treatment
• cryotherapy
• brachytherapy
• hormonal therapy

What cancers are caused by HPV? - Correct Answer 1. Cervical

• Vaginal
• Vulval
• Penial
• / 3