Pedorthics Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Verified Rearfoot (Tarsus), Midfoot (Lesser tarsus), and Forefoot (Metatarsus) - Correct Answer Functional components of the foot Which bones make up the rearfoot? - Correct Answer Calcaneus and talus Which bones make up the midfoot? - Correct Answer Navicular and cuboid Which bones make up the forefoot? - Correct Answer Cuneiforms 1-3 and digits Medial column of the foot - Correct Answer 70% of the load. More flexible. Composed of the talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 1-3 Lateral column of the foot - Correct Answer 30% of the load. More rigid. Composed of the calcaneus, cuboid, and metatarsals 4-5 Calcaneus - Correct Answer Largest bone in the foot, insertion point for the achilles, articulates with talus and cuboid ST groove - Correct Answer Limits ST from collapsing medially, which prevents calcaneal valgus Talus - Correct Answer 2nd largest bone, made of articular hyaline cartilage, lacks good blood supply so healing takes longer. Articulates with tibia, fibula, calcaneus, and navicular Neck of talus - Correct Answer What do you palpate to check for subtalar neutral?
- primary hot spots - Correct Answer medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, 1st met head, 5th met head,
- secondary hot spots - Correct Answer posterior calcaneus and trochlear process of calcaneus 1 / 2
base of the 5th, and navicular
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament aka "spring ligament" - Correct Answer Maintains medial longitudinal arch Deltoid ligament - Correct Answer Tibiotalar, tibionavicular, and anterior/posterior tibiocalcaneal.Maintains medial longitudinal arch and prevents eversion Plantar aponeurosis (fascia) - Correct Answer Provides stability during terminal stance and supports longitudinal arch Windlass affect - Correct Answer MTP joints dorsiflexed, plantar fascia draws forward, depressed met heads, resulting in elevation of arch. More rigid for push off Medial longitudinal arch - Correct Answer Made up of posterior/anterior calcaneus, plantar fascia, plantar/spring ligament Triplanar joint motion - Correct Answer Creates simultaneous movement in all cardinal planes. Blocking one component in a single plane will prevent movement in the other 2 planes Internal Rotatory Deformity (IRD) - Correct Answer Pes planus, flatfooted, pronated. Internal tibial rotation, midfoot pronation, calcaneal valgus, forefoot abduction External Rotatory Deformity (ERD) - Correct Answer Pes cavus, supination, high arches. External tibial rotation, calcaneal varus, midfoot supination, forefoot adduction. Susceptible to lateral ankle sprains Genu valgum, MCL laxity, lateral compartment compression - Correct Answer How does IRD affect the knee?Genu varum, LCL laxity, medial compartment compression - Correct Answer How does ERD affect the knee?Cause of rotatory deformities - Correct Answer Bony anomalies, lax joints (ligaments and tendons), muscle imbalance/weakness
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