Pendarvis Test Bank - Pendarvis Test Bank Chapter 1 The Starting Poin...

Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd Edition Pendarvis Test Bank

Chapter 1 The Starting Point: Understanding the Scientific Method

• Short answer: Describe characteristics and the role of different members of the termite

society.

ANS:

The vast majority of members in a termite colony are wingless, sterile, and blind workers.They are milky white in color and possess hard-chewing mouth parts. Workers look after the eggs and nymphs, feed the soldiers and reproductive forms, build and maintain the colony, and forage for food. The workers are responsible for the telltale signs of termite damage. Soldiers are also wingless, sterile, and blind. This caste has a milky-white body with a yellowish-brown head and prominent mandibles. Soldiers defend the colony, mostly from ants. The reproductives, also called the royal caste, consist of the king and queen.Their only function is to reproduce. The royal caste is dark brown in color and has functional eyes. The queen seems to be striped because the segments of her abdomen are distended. Swarming termites are called alates or swarmers. They are winged reproductives that eventually establish new nests.

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Short answer: Termites use pheromones for communication. Give several alternate

examples for the use of pheromones.

ANS:

Specific pheromones areTuEseSdTinBmANatKinSg,EpLroLdEucRin.gCaOnMalarm, keeping nymphs from forming reproductive castes, and establishing a trail. Termites use the trail hormones when they are attempting to lure other termites to follow them to a food source or other region of interest.

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Short answer: Restate your hypothesis. Was your hypothesis rejected or accepted? Why?

ANS:

This answer will vary. The majority of students will state, “As the temperature decreases, the breathing rate of goldfish will decrease.”

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Short answer: Discuss how your group’s results compared with the results of the entire

class.

ANS:

This answer will vary.

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment 1 / 4

• Short answer: Discuss how the theme of the goldfish experiment can apply to the natural

world and the care of aquatic animals.

ANS:

The basic scheme could be applied to how fish respond to changes of temperature in the natural world. It could also be applied to the transport of goldfish from distributors.

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

6. Short answer: List some possible sources of error in this experiment.

ANS:

Misreading the thermometer, not accurately counting the goldfish breaths, and not allowing sufficient time between trials.

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Define osmosis.
• The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of lesser

concentration to regions of greater concentration.

• The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of greater

concentration to regions of lesser concentration.

• The random movement of molecules from regions of greater concentration to

regions of lesser conc T e E nt S ra T ti B on A .

NKSELLER.COM

• The process by which carrier proteins carry specific molecules across the cell

membrane.

• The process by which hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through a cell

membrane.ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Fill in the blank: In a typical solution, the is the dissolving medium and the

is the substance dissolved.To receive points, you must separate your answers with a comma and a space (e.g., first answer, second answer).

ANS: solvent, solute

PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Define isotonic solution.
• There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
• The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the

solution. 2 / 4

• There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
• None of the above.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Define hypotonic solution.
• There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
• The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the

solution.

• There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
• None of the above.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Define hypertonic solution.
• There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
• The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the

solution.

• There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
• None of the above.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Identify the independent and dependent variables in this activity.
• Independent variableT: cEhSanTgBeAinNgKuSmEmLyLbEeaRr..DCeOpMendent variable: size of gummy

bear.

• Independent variable: size of gummy bear. Dependent variable: change in gummy

bear.

• Independent variable: change in gummy bear. Dependent variable: solution.
• Independent variable: solution. Dependent variable: change in gummy bear.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Which are control variables from this activity? Select all that apply.
• Temperature.
• Change in gummy bear.
• Size of gummy bear.
• Solution.
• Water source.

ANS: A, C, E PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• As the result of the experiment, was the gummy bear placed in tap water in an isotonic,

hypotonic, or hypertonic solution? How do you know?

• Isotonic. There were no notable changes.
• It decreased in size and mass. 3 / 4

• It increased in size and mass.
• None of the above.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• What happened to the volume and mass of the gummy bears placed in a hypotonic solution?
• Isotonic. There were no notable changes.
• It decreased in size and mass.
• It increased in size and mass.
• None of the above.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• What happened to the volume and mass of the gummy bears placed in a hypertonic

solution?

• Isotonic. There were no notable changes.
• It decreased in size and mass.
• It increased in size and mass.
• None of the above.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

Match the color and consistency of the gummy bears with the solution in which they were placed.

• Tap water
• Salt water
• Distilled water

• Gummy bear became less dense and lighter in color.
• Gummy bear became more dense and darker in color.
• No major changes.

• ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding

TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment

• Describe the characteristics of science.
• Science is based upon observations that incorporate our senses, or instruments that

extend our senses, to interpret natural phenomena.

• Science is a search for irregularities.
• After observations have been recorded about irregularities in nature, scientists

must process information.

• Science is a self-correcting process in which previously existing concepts can be

expanded, modified, or replaced if necessary.

• Both a and c are correct.
• / 4