BSN 315 HESI RN Specialty Pharmacology Exam Prep (Latest Update 2024 / 2025) Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Nightingale
Question:
The nurse is providing medication teaching for a client who has recently received a prescription for clozapine. Which instruction should be included in this client's teaching plan?
- Avoid prolonged sun exposure.
- Rise slowly from a lying position.
- Do not eat any aged cheese.
- Take as needed for anxiety.
Answer:
Rise slowly from a lying position Rationale Orthostatic hypotension is a side effect of clozapine, so the client should be instructed to rise slowly from a lying down or sitting position.
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Question:
Which route should the nurse clarify with the healthcare provider prior to administering a drug with a high first-pass effect?
- Oral.
- Buccal.
- Sublingual.
- Intravenous.
Answer:
Oral Rationale The first-pass effect occurs when hepatic metabolism decreases the bioavailability of a drug. Oral forms of medications are processed through the GI tract, absorbed through the small intestines, and undergo the first-pass effect in the liver in which some of the active ingredients are removed from the drug before it reaches the intended site of action.
Question:
A male client with meningitis is prescribed cefotaxime IV and asks the nurse why he cannot receive an oral drug, such as cefaclor or cefadroxil, that he has taken before for infections. How should the nurse respond when considering the actions of cephalosporins?
- Cefazolin is another IV antibiotic that can be prescribed.
- Cefaclor is a good alternative to suggest to the healthcare provider.
- Cefadroxil is usually prescribed when the IV is discontinued.
- Cefotaxime provides therapeutic CNS concentrations.
Answer:
Cefotaxime provides therapeutic CNS concentrations.Rationale 2 / 4
According to research studies, only third-generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime have been shown effective in treating bacterial meningitis with the exception of cefuroxime, the only second-generation cephalosporin shown to be effective. First-generation cephalosporins have not been successful in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. IV administration of these antibiotics is the preferred route of administration due to oral administration medication levels tend to be too low to be effective in comparison to parental administration.
Question:
A pediatric client who has been diagnosed with partial seizures receives a prescription for topiramate. Which information should the nurse provide to the child's parents?
- Do not crush the tablet prior to administration.
- Give the medication with 8 oz of orange juice.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
- Administer the tablet an hour before meals
Answer:
Do not crush the tablet prior to administration Rationale The tablet form of topiramate should be taken with adequate fluids and without breaking it because of its extremely bitter taste, so crushing the tablet should be avoided.
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Question:
A client is admitted for atrial fibrillation, and the healthcare provider prescribes disopyramide. After explaining the action of this antidysrhythmic agent, which complaint should the nurse instruct the client to report?
- Joint pain.
- Dizziness or muscle weakness.
- Daily weight gain of 2 pounds.
- Dry mouth.
Answer:
Daily weight gain of 2 pounds Rationale Disopyramide is a Class IA antiarrhythmic (with similar actions as procainamide) used to suppress and prevent premature ventricular contractions, episodes of ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to report any sudden weight gain that may indicate fluid retention related to poor cardiac output, which may be the result of ineffective management of the dysrhythmia.
Question:
The therapeutic effect of insulin in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus is based on which physiologic action?
- Facilitates transport of glucose into the cells.
- Stimulates function of beta cells in the pancreas.
- Increases intracellular receptor site sensitivity.
- Delays carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
Answer:
Facilitates transport of glucose into the cells Rationale
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