Pharmacology Final 2024 Test Bank Actual Exam

pg. 1 Pharmacology Final 2024 Test Bank/ Actual Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) AGRADE ASSURED!! (Newest!!)

A patient arrives in the emergency department with severe chest pain. The patient reports that the pain has been occurring off and on for a week now.Which assessment finding would indicate the need for cautious use of nitrates and nitrites?

• Blood pressure of 88/62 mm Hg
• Apical pulse rate of 110 beats/min
• History of renal disease

d. History of a myocardial infarction 2 years ago - ANS: A

Hypotension is a possible contraindication to the use of nitrates because the medications may cause the blood pressure to decrease.

A patient who has received chemotherapy has a critically low platelet count.The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate platelet cell production?

• Filgrastim (Neupogen)
• Interferons
• Oprelvekin (Neumega)

d. Epoetin alfa (Epogen) - ANS: C

Oprelvekin (Neumega) stimulates bone marrow cells, specifically megakaryocytes, which eventually form platelets.

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pg. 2 An infant has been hospitalized with a severe lung infection caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and will be receiving medication via the inhalation route. The nurse expects which drug to be used?

• Acyclovir (Zovirax)
• Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
• Amantadine (Symmetrel)

d. Ribavirin (Virazole - ANS: D

The inhalational form of ribavirin (Virazole) is used primarily in the treatment of hospitalized infants with severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV.

A young adult calls the clinic to ask for a prescription for "that new flu drug." He says he has had the flu for almost 4 days and just heard about a drug that can reduce the symptoms. What is the nurse's best response to his request?

• "Now that you've had the flu, you will need a booster vaccination, not the

antiviral drug."

• "We will need to do a blood test to verify that you actually have the flu."
• "Drug therapy should be started within 2 days of symptom onset, not 4

days."

• "We'll get you a prescription. As long as you start treatment within the

next 24 hours, the drug should be effective." - ANS: C

These drugs need to be started within 2 days of influenza symptom onset; they can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.

The nurse has given medication instructions to a patient receiving phenytoin (Dilantin).Which statement by the patient indicates that the patient has an adequate understanding of the instructions? 2 / 4

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• "I will need to take extra care of my teeth and gums while on this

medication."

• "I can go out for a beer while on this medication."
• "I can skip doses if the side effects bother me."
• "I will be able to stop taking this drug once the seizures stop." - ANS: A

Scrupulous dental care is necessary to prevent gingival hypertrophy during therapy with phenytoin. Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants may cause severe sedation.Consistent dosing is important to maintain therapeutic drug levels. Therapy with AEDs usually must continue for life and must not be stopped once seizures stop.

A patient is taking gabapentin (Neurontin), and the nurse notes that there is no history of seizures on his medical record. What is the best possible rationale for this medication order?

• The medication is used for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
• The medication is helpful for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
• The medication is used to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
• The medical record is missing the correct information about the patient's

history of seizures. - ANS: A

Gabapentin (Neurontin) is commonly used to treat neuropathic pain. ALSO

PREGABALIN (LYRICA).

A woman is traveling to a country where she will be at high risk for malarial infection. What will the nurse teach her regarding prophylactic therapy with hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)?

• Hydroxychloroquine is better absorbed and has fewer adverse effects if

taken on an empty stomach.

• The drug is started 3 weeks before exposure but can be discontinued

once she leaves the area. 3 / 4

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• The medication is taken only when she observes mosquito bites because

it can have toxic effects if taken unnecessarily.

• The drug is usually started 1 to 2 weeks before traveling to endemic

areas and is continued for 4 weeks after leaving the area. - ANS: D

Prophylaxis of malaria with hydroxychloroquine is usually started 1 to 2 weeks before exposure and continued for 4 weeks after the person has left the area. The medication should be taken with food to decrease gastrointestinal upset.

A patient has an order for the monoclonal antibody adalimumab (Humira).The nurse notes that the patient does not have a history of cancer. What is another possible reason for administering this drug?

• Severe anemia
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Thrombocytopenia

d. Osteoporosis - ANS: B

Monoclonal antibodies are used for the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, multiple sclerosis, and organ transplantation.

The nurse will assess the patient for which potential contraindication to antitubercular therapy?

• Glaucoma
• Anemia
• Heart failure

d. Hepatic impairment - ANS: D

Results of liver function studies (e.g., bilirubin level, liver enzyme levels) need to be assessed because isoniazid and rifampin may cause hepatic impairment; severe liver dysfunction is a contraindication to these drugs. In addition, the patient's history of alcohol use needs to be assessed.

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