Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide Why do we do the 5 rights when giving medications? (Answer)- 1. right drug
- right person
- right dose
- right route
- right time
- doses within 15 minutes with each dose being 3-5 minutes apart
To ensure patient safety How many patient identifiers do we need? (Answer)- We need 2 patient identifiers to ensure that it is the correct patient How do you give sublingual nitroglycerin (Answer)- Have patient put medication underneath their tongue while sitting or lying down
Kept away from light in a container Systolic must remain above 90 Benefit of giving a transdermal patch? (Answer)- Gives the medication a constant level, where the levels in the body do not fluctuate as much Trough levels (Answer)- Lowest plasma concentration of a drug and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body Rate of elimination Drawn immediately before the next dose is given What drugs do you draw trough levels for? (Answer)- Drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index Therapeutic index (Answer)- Estimates the margin of safety for a drug using a ratio that measures the effective therapeutic dose in 50% of people and the lethal dose in 50% of people 1 / 3
Closer the number to 1 the higher the likelihood of danger What drugs do you draw peak and trough levels for? (Answer)- Digoxin Aminoglycosides What are peak levels (Answer)- Rate of absoprtion If someone has reoccurring infections and they keep taking antibiotics and they are no longer working what has happened? (Answer)- They have developed acquired bacterial resistance Onset of action (Answer)- Time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after a drug is administered (MEC) How are drug doses perscribed (Answer)- According to the % that the drug does not bind to protein Any amount of the drug that does not bind to protein has an effect, if it is bound to protein it cannot do anything Half-life of a drug (Answer)- Time it takes for half of the drug concentration to be eliminated 650mg aspirin half-life: 3hrs it would take 3 hours for 325 to be left and 6 hours for 162mg to be left and so on Benefits of using a generic drug? (Answer)- Cost effective
Who governs all drug administration by nurses? (Answer)- Nurse practice acts:
every state has its own laws Native American view about time (Answer)- They are concentrated about today, not tomorrow Exhibit less dependence on a strict time schedule for economic and social activities Present measures to ease comfort not long term wellness, and more likely to discontinue meds after feeling better 2 / 3
What drugs are metabolized differently in African Americans and therefore are not as effective? (Answer)- Antihyperstensive agents Beta blocker, and ACE inhibitors Drug interaction (Answer)- Altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs
Antagonistic: Cancels out another drug
Synergistic: More effective together
If pt is taking a medication and starts taking an OTC drug as well and states that the prescription drug is no longer working, why is it no longer working? (Answer)- Because of a drug interaction Anti ulcer drug semedadine/tagment is a? (Answer)- Hepatic enzyme inhibitor Used for ulcers What type of interaction when taking semedadine and theophylline? (Answer)- Semedadine will make theophylline stay in the body longer so therefore the pt will need the dosage of theophylline lowered until taken off of semedadine
Characteristics of drug abuse (Answer)- Jittery, anorexia, tachycardia: speed
Changes in personality, job performance, poor judgement, inappropriate behavior, errors, physical and emotional symptoms How do you know when a smoker is ready to quit? (Answer)- When they state that they are truly ready to quit What should a person do before taking herbs? (Answer)- Talk with their health care provider Feverfew should not be taken by whom? (Answer)- Woman who are pregnant Babies have immature what? (Answer)- Hepatic and renal systems Meds stay in their bodies longer
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