Pharmacology HLTH 314 - Exam 1 Questions with

Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers 2024/2025 What are some nursing responsibilities to consider when dealing with drugs? - Correct Answer - administering drugs

• assessing drug effects
• making the drug regimen more tolerable
• providing teaching
• monitoring overall care to prevent med. error
• must be knowledgeable and up-to-date about new meds

any chemical that affects the processes of a living organism. - Correct Answer drug the study or science of drugs. - Correct Answer pharmacology the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure. - Correct Answer Chemical name Name given by the United States Adopted Names Council - Correct Answer Generic name (nonproprietary name) The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name restricted by the drug's owner (usually the manufacturer). - Correct Answer Trade name (proprietary name) Drug evaluation - Correct Answer - FDA, agency regulating development and sale of drugs. Designed to ensure safety and reliability.

• Approx. 5 per 100,000 potential drugs end up being marketed.
• the process is preclinical trail, phase I-III studies, post market approval phase IV study. The process

can take 5 to 6 years with some exceptions.Brand name (a) vs. Generic drug (b)

• active ingredient
• price
• insurance coverage 1 / 4

• inactive ingredient
• strength/ dosage
• appearance/ look - Correct Answer 1. (a) and (b) no difference
• (a) higher in cost and (b) lower in cost
• (a) covered if no generic form exists and (b) normally always covered.
• (a) tested and approved by the FDA and (b) may differ but proven to be acceptable by the FDA
• (a) and (b) no difference
• (a) drugs are standard in size, color, packaging, etc. and (b) packaging and the drug itself may look

different DEA schedule - Correct Answer schedule I - highest abuse potential + no acceptable use; limited use for research purposes schedule II - high abuse potential + accepted use with restrictions schedule III - medium abuse potential + accepted use schedule IV - low abuse potential + accepted use schedule V - lowest abuse potential + accepted use the study of what the drug does to the body. - Correct Answer Pharmacodynamics the study of what the body does to the drug. - Correct Answer Pharmacokinetics the study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities. - Correct Answer Pharmaceutics the use of drugs and the clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat diseases. - Correct Answer Pharmacotherapeutics Pharmacodynamics Drug actions (mechanism of action; MOA)

The cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction:

What are some drug effects? (1) - Correct Answer - to replace or act as substitutes for missing chemicals 2 / 4

• to increase or stimulate cellular activities
• to depress or slow cellular activities
• to interfere with the functioning of foreign cells

(1) the physiologic reaction of the body to the drug

Pharmacokinetics:

Factors that affect absorption - Correct Answer - Administration route of the drug

• Food or fluids administered with the drug
• Dosage formulation
• Status of the absorptive surface
• Rate of blood flow to the small intestine
• Acidity of the stomach
• Status of GI motility

Pharmacokinetics:

Routes - Correct Answer a drug's route of administration affects the rate and extent of absorption of that drug.

• enteral (absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa, the small

intestine, or rectum..... oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal)

• parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract.... intravenous,

intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intrathecal, intraarticular)

• topical (local)Pha

First - Pass Effect - Correct Answer the metabolism of a drug and its passage from the liver into the circulation

• oral = may be extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation (high

first pass effect)

• IV = bypasses the liver, preventing the first pass effect from taking place, and more drug reaches the

circulation 3 / 4

First - Pass Effect:

Routes that bypass the liver: - Correct Answer -sublingual. -buccal

-rectal.* -intravenous -intranasal. -transdermal -vaginal. -intramuscular -subcutaneous -inhalation -rectal route undergoes higher degree of first-pass effects than the other routes listed.Oral preparations: list ones that absorb the fastest to slowest - Correct Answer 1. liquids, elixirs, syrups

• suspension solutions
• powders
• capsules
• tablets
• coated tablets
• enteric-coated tablets

Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Correct Answer The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action -protein binding -water soluble vs. fat soluble -blood brain barrier

-areas of rapid distribution: heart, liver, kidneys, brain

-areas of slow distribution: muscle, skin, fat

Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism also known as Biotransformation - Correct Answer the biologic transformation of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, or a more potent metabolite -liver (main organ) -kidneys

• / 4