Hesi Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers
homeostasis - Answer: body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors - Answer: molecule or cell that provides information about the environment control center (and set point) - Answer: indicates correct value (e.g. body temp) effectors - Answer: What elicits a response that alters conditions within the body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands) negative feedback - Answer: When receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point and effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance is called .........positive feedback - Answer: Homeostatic mechanisms that function when changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more changes, is called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions) organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism - Answer: Levels of organization
organelle - Answer: Cell components that perform a specific function
cells - Answer: Basic unit of structure and function
tissues - Answer: Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have specific functions 1 / 3
organs - Answer: Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of tissues)
Organ systems - Answer: Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism - Answer: Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior - Answer: above, or closer to the head
inferior - Answer: below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral) - Answer: Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal) - Answer: Toward the back
medial - Answer: Toward the midline
lateral - Answer: Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane - Answer: Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into right and left portions Coronal/Frontal plane - Answer: Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions Transverse (cross-sectional) - Answer: Imaginary horizontal line dividing the body into superior and inferior Dorsal cavities (near the back) - Answer: Cranial and spinal cavity 2 / 3
Cranial cavity - Answer: Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral) - Answer: Cavity that contains the spinal cord and vertebrae orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic (peritoneal) - Answer: Ventral cavities (near the front of the body) orbits - Answer: Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves Nasal cavity - Answer: Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity - Answer: Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity - Answer: Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum - Answer: Space between the lungs that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus Pericardial cavity - Answer: Potential space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities - Answer: Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs) - Answer: Cavities (right and left) that are the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes Abdominopelvic cavity - Answer: Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
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