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28 PLTW Civil Engineering Exam Overview 1.History of Engineering and Architecture ANS 2.Civil Engineering ANS An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges, dams, and other large facilities.
3.Architecture ANS Art and science of designing buildings for human habitation.
4.Building Materials ANS Materials were chosen based on availability and climate.
5.Examples of buildings based on climate ANS -Ruins of Babylon. All that remains of the famous city-state is a mound of broken mud-brick dwellings.-Greece consists almost entirely of limestone with many sources of fine marble.Therefore many Greek structures were constructed with limestone and marble.-View of the city of Machu Picchu constructed from stone cut from the surrounding mountains. 1 / 3
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28 -Wood was readily available in China. Traditional Chinese wooden architecture changed little over thousands of years.
6.Vernacular Architecture ANS Methods of construction that use locally available re- sources and traditions to address local needs.
7.Examples of Vernacular Architecture ANS -An igloo, an Inuit winter dwelling.-African Hut at Bana, a small village of Cameroon.-Apache wikiup built of brush, grass, or reed.-Traditional Nepalese house built of stone and clay.-Southern African rondavel(or banda) 8.The Pyramids examples ANS -A Bearing Wall for Stepped Pyramids.-Great Pyramid of Khufu -Kukulkan's Pyramid 9.Progress of building ANS Pyramids to modern pyramids, the Parthenon to arches, vaults and domes.
10.Famous buildings containing these building styles 2 / 3
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28 ANS Pantheon, Colosseum, Great Wall of China, Water Supply, 11.Roman Bridges ANS -A Roman bridge crosses the Afrin River in northern Syria and is still in use today.-Roman bridge in Vaison la Romaine, south France.
12.After the Fall of Rome ANS The first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron, a material which was previously far too expensive to use for large structures.
13.Structural Steel ANS Perhaps the best known structural steel framed building is the Empire State Building, completed in 1931.
14.Reinforced Concrete ANS The Burj Khalifa is the tallest man made structure every built. It is supported by a reinforced concrete core using a special concrete mix.
15.Reinforced Concrete Bridges ANS Cedar Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis, MN over the Mississippi is a reinforced concrete open spandrel arch bridge.
16.Principles and Elements of Design Applied to Architecture ANS