PN 140 Final Exam Study Guide with Correct

PN 140 Final Exam Study Guide with Correct Answers Propylthiouracil (PTU) - Correct Answer Hyperthyroidism

CNS: drowsiness, headache, paresthesia, vertigo

CV: edema, vasculitis

GI: HEPATOTOXICITY, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of taste

What is emphysema? - Correct Answer destruction of alveolar wall and of the pulmonary capillary bed leading to decreased ability to oxygenate blood What is bronchitis? - Correct Answer - inflammation of the bronchi

• thick excessive bronchial secretions

Can you cure COPD? - Correct Answer Not curable, but is preventable. Also, can be managed once diagnosed.What is a hallmark sign of someone with emphysema? - Correct Answer dyspnea What is a hallmark sign of someone with bronchitis? - Correct Answer productive cough What type of COPD is more common? - Correct Answer bronchitis What type of COPD has a higher incidence of death? - Correct Answer emphysema When administering a bronchodilator and a steroid, which one do you give first? - Correct Answer always administer bronchodilator, then administer steroid What should one do after taking a steroid inhaler? - Correct Answer rinse mouth after steroid inhaler, including the combo ones What is our biggest concern with beta 2 stimulants? What should we do about it? - Correct Answer They constrict in the circulatory system. So monitor BP and pulse once given. 1 / 4

What is anemia? - Correct Answer short supply of circulating RBCs leading to impairment in transportation of oxygen What interventions would be included in the POC in someone with anemia? - Correct Answer - Iron rich foods

• Stool softeners
• Iron supplements
• O2 administration
• HOB >30
• Frequent checks

What are some signs and symptoms of anemia? - Correct Answer - Weakness

• Fatigue
• Pallor
• Exertional dyspnea
• Dizziness
• Lethargy

What is atherosclerosis? - Correct Answer fatty build up (cholesterol) What is arteriosclerosis? - Correct Answer hardening of the arteries Why would someone with peripheral aneurysms have pain? - Correct Answer due to ischemia r/t decreased O2, nerves, blockage Why would someone with peripheral aneurysms have syncope? - Correct Answer - lack of blood flow to the brain causes LOC

• extra blood flow to parts of the body and not enough going back will cause an imbalance

Why would someone with peripheral aneurysms have dyspnea? - Correct Answer increased RR with pain, lack of O2, increase in pressure 2 / 4

Why would someone with peripheral aneurysms have edema? - Correct Answer pooling of blood, venous return/arterial flow is all altered and area will become edematous What causes peripheral aneurysms? - Correct Answer unmanaged hypertension Why can arterial blockage cause a thrombus? - Correct Answer when you slow the blood flow enough, a clot can develop spontaneously What is claudication? - Correct Answer cramping or pain in leg muscles brought on by walking or exercise "if you're legs are talking while you're walking, you better listen" Why does claudication occur? - Correct Answer metabolic demand of O2 has increased and pain is caused by release of lactic acid When is claudication a concern? - Correct Answer when the pain doesn't go away once exercise has stopped What is ischemia? - Correct Answer a temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue Why is time important when treating ischemia? - Correct Answer Since, we can treat it, reverse it, and stop it, time is very important. The longer we wait, the closer it'll be to being irreversible.What is necrosis? - Correct Answer tissue death Where is tPA administered? - Correct Answer given in acute care only What happens after tPA is administered? - Correct Answer a patient will go from not feeling anything to feeling extreme pain Should you manage the pain that starts after tPA is administered? - Correct Answer yes, by administering IV pain medication 3 / 4

What is angina pectoris? - Correct Answer pain or pressure in the chest area due to inadequate blood flow and oxygenation What is the priority during angina pectoris? - Correct Answer to restore blood and oxygen flow What happens if angina pectoris is not stopped? - Correct Answer leads to MI What are some causes of angina pectoris? - Correct Answer atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, or thrombosis What is acute coronary syndrome/MI/heart attack? - Correct Answer blood supply to the heart is stopped What does do troponin levels tell us? - Correct Answer Troponin is a stress hormone. The higher the level of anoxia of the heart, the higher the troponin. If it is decreasing, the MI is stopping.What will CMP tell us? - Correct Answer Will give you a better picture of a multisystem effect (kidneys, liver, etc.) of a MI What does ANP/BNP levels tell us? - Correct Answer These hormones are elevated when your heart is under stress and you are retaining fluids. It is a sign of heart failure.What is heart failure? - Correct Answer Inability of the Heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body Which sided heart failure is more common? - Correct Answer left What does left sided heart failure lead to? - Correct Answer left sided heart failure leads to backing up in the lungs (congestion) What are some signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Correct Answer - dyspnea

• restlessness
• confusion
• fatigue
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