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Portage BIOD 121 Module 1-6 and Final Exam Newest 2025/2026 (All 6 modules and Final Exam) / BIOD 121 Essentials In Nutrition 2025/2026 Complete All Questions And Correct Answers |Already Graded A+||
Module 1
What are the concepts of the new pyramid? - ANSWER-Personalization, moderation, proportionality, variety, activity, and gradual improvement
Name three classes of nutrients that regulate the body - ANSWER- Proteins, vitamins, and minerals
How is the hypothalamus involved in hunger? - ANSWER-When nutrient levels in the blood are low, Ghrelin is produced by the stomach cells, and other signaling molecules (neuropeptide-Y and endorphins) are released. This stimulates the hypothalamus to signal hunger and that foods need to be consumed
How is the hypothalamus involved in satiety? - ANSWER-When nutrients in the blood begin to increase, Leptin is produced by 1 / 4
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adipocytes, and other signaling molecules are released (serotonin and Cholecystokinin). These stimulate the hypothalamus to signal fullness, and that no more food is needed
Nutrients that are considered macronutrients - ANSWER-Lipids, protein, carbohydrates, and water
Nutrients that provide structure - ANSWER-Protein, lipids, and minerals
What is nutrition? - ANSWER-The science that links food to health and disease
What is the difference between food and nutrients? - ANSWER-Food provides energy as calories, and nutrients are the substances in food that provide material to maintain body
Nutrition includes which terms? - ANSWER-Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion
What is the difference between hunger and appetite? - ANSWER- Hunger is an internal drive associated with negative sensation, while appetite is an external drive that causes a positive sensation
What is the feeding/satiety center? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus 2 / 4
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What are the dimensions of health? - ANSWER-Physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual
What is physical health? - ANSWER-The ability to perform daily functions
What is emotional health? - ANSWER-The ability to express/suppress emotions
What are the two main reasons for food choices? - ANSWER-Taste and texture
What is the main site for digestion/absorption of nutrients? - ANSWER- GI tract
The GI tract consists of ... - ANSWER-The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
What signaling molecules increase hunger? - ANSWER-Ghrelin, endorphins, and neuropeptide-Y
What signaling molecules decrease hunger? - ANSWER-Leptin, serotonin, and cholecystokinin (CCK) 3 / 4
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What is found with leptin in obese individuals? - ANSWER-It is expressed in higher quantities, indicating a leptin insensitivity
What external forces influence eating habits? - ANSWER-Sensory, cognitive, environmental, and health status
What are the sensory forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Flavor (taste), texture, appearance, moisture, and temperature
What are the cognitive forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Habits, comfort foods, advertising, social factors, and nutritional values
What are the environmental forces of eating habits? - ANSWER- Economics, lifestyle, cultural/religious beliefs, and environment
What are the health status forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Physical restrictions from disease, declining taste sensitivity from age/medication, and age/gender
What does the body use nutrients for? - ANSWER-Promote growth/development, maintain tissues/cells/bone structure, fuel body for physical/metabolic work, regulate body processes
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