PPN 102 w7-stress & coping caregiving
What are the 3 types of personal stressors? - ANSWER-1. physical
- psychological
- spiritual
What is stress? - ANSWER-condition which the body responds to changes in its normal balanced state (homeostasis)
What is a stressor? - ANSWER-anything a person perceives as challenging, threatening, or demanding
What is adaptation? - ANSWER-changes that take place from a person's response to stress (in response to a stimuli)
What are some physical stressors? - ANSWER-- acute or chronic illness
- trauma or injury
- insomnia
- mental disorders
pain
What are some psychological stressors? - ANSWER-- job loss or security
- school
- loss of a significant person or pet
- significant changes in residence, relationship or work
- personal finances
- work relationships
- high-stress work environments
- caretaking
What are some spiritual stressors? - ANSWER-- loss of hope
- purpose lose
- questioning values or meanings
What are the levels of stress? (4) - ANSWER-1. eustress (mid-level)
- distress (negative level)
- chronic (prolonged, severe)
- acute stress (sudden, onset)
What is eustress (mid-level) stress? - ANSWER-- positive response with protective & adaptive functions
- heightens awareness & motivates people to master challenges & develop new skills 1 / 2
What is distress (negative level) stress? - ANSWER-- creates a level of anxiety exceeding one's normal coping abilities
- diminishes life performance & interferes with ability to function
What is chronic (prolonged, severe) stress? - ANSWER-- weakens immune system, development of stress-related illness
- implicated in development & excerbation of cardiac conditions, migraine & digestive
disorders
What is acute stress (sudden, onset) stress? - ANSWER-- creates intense anxiety; disabling for person
- untreated acute stress due to traumatic events can lead to PTSD (which requires
psychiatric intervention)
What are the 2 types of models of stress? - ANSWER-biological & psychological
What are the 3 biological models of stress? - ANSWER-1. systemic psychological response
- general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
- allostasis
What does the systemic psychological response model say about stress? - ANSWER-- walton cannon described stress as a "systemic psychological response perceived threat that occurs in a similar way regardless of stressor"
- when people have homeostasis, they: (1) feel physically well, (2) emotionally centered,
- suggests people try to adapt to stress w a "Fight or Flight" response
(3) personally secure
What does the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) model say about stress? - ANSWER-- hans selve described stress as a "psychological whole body response to stress, primarily through endocrine & autonomic nervous systems"
What are the 3 progressive psychological responses from the GAS model? - ANSWER-
- alarm phase: fight or flight; stressor perceived & defense mech. activated
- shock phase: body changes colour
- countershock: body changes reverse
2. resistance stage: body tries to adapt
3. exhaustion stage: adaptive mech. is exhausted
- start showing diverse health consequences, may eventually result in death
What is does allostasis say about stress? - ANSWER-- describes how human organisms maintain psychological homeostasis through changing circumstances
How does allostasis work? - ANSWER-- brain serves as a primary mediator between the "current exposure, internal regulation of bodily processes & health outcomes"
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