Practice questions CPH exam with complete solutions Public health laws approved by city or county boards must be - Correct Answer approved by referendum Sensitivity - Correct Answer true positive rate; proportion of positives correctly identified as such; A/A+C Specificity - Correct Answer true negative rate; probability of testing negative if the disease is truly absent; D/B+D A confounding variable - Correct Answer is associated with exposure; it can strengthen or weaken Rate data such as the number of events occurring in a specified period of time are often described by which probability distribution? - Correct Answer The Poisson distribution is often used to describe count data and can be used to describe rate data by including an offset term for the denominator of the rate.The number of independent events needed for selecting the appropriate probability model is specified by the: - Correct Answer Probability distributions are based on the number of independent events.Degrees of freedom (to vary) are used as the specification of the number of events that can vary. If we are predicting a parameter (which is a fixed value), only the number of events minus 1 can vary and the final event would then have to be a specific value, it cannot vary and is thus not an independent event.Enteric pathogens - Correct Answer bacteria of the intestines traditional indicator of microbiological water quality - Correct Answer fecal coliform bacteria Health Impact Assessment - Correct Answer a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effected within the population Case fatality - Correct Answer proportion of deaths within a designated population of "cases"; # of deaths/ #of diagnosed within time period 1 / 2
Risk communication - Correct Answer building and maintaining trust between spokespeople and audience is a cornerstone of effective risk communication; two-awy process with active participants on both sides Pearson correlation coefficien - Correct Answer The Pearson's correlation coefficient is a measure of association that indicates the degrees to which two variables have a lineal relationship. The coefficient, r, can vary between -1 and +1. When r = +1, there is a perfect positive linear relationship in which one variable varies directly with the other. When r = -1, there is a perfect negative linear relationship between the variables. The measure can be generalized to quantify the degree of linear relationship between one variable to another. By definition, a Pearson correlation coefficient value is always between -1 and 1.Public health emergency preparedness - Correct Answer training key decision makers and first responders for coordinate actions; identifying surge capacity in the infrastructure; develop channels for real-time interagency communication precautionary principle - Correct Answer philosophy or approach advocating the prevention and/or control of potential environmental hazards before there is scientific proof or consensus about the potential harm Medical care - Correct Answer Thought to have the smallest impact on the health of the population; only 10% of America's population health is attributable to medical care Salmonella spp. - Correct Answer First microorganism to test for when poultry is suspected to be source of foodborne outbreak Faulty organizational system - Correct Answer primary source for medical errors, according to IOM Environmental controls that do the most to reduce the incidence of food born illness.. - Correct Answer employing knowledgeable food handlers who do not work when they are ill and using proper temperature control Essential Public Health Services - Correct Answer provide fundamental framework for public health activities; Core Public Health Functions Steering committee developed essential services in 1994
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