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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The anatomic term means toward the midline.
- anterior
- posterior
- medial
- cranial
ANS: C
The term medial indicates an anatomic direction toward the midline.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- What are the smallest living components in our body?
- Cells
- Organs
- Electrons
- Osmosis
ANS: A
Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 4 OBJ: 6 TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- What is the largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion
- Golgi apparatus
organelles?
ANS: A
The nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 5 OBJ: 8 TOP: Parts of the cell KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- When the patient complains of pain in the bladder, the patient will indicate discomfort in
- Pelvic
- Mediastinum
- Dorsal
- Abdominal 1 / 4
which body cavity?
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ANS: A
A subdivision called the pelvic cavity contains the lower portion of the large intestine (lower sigmoid colon, rectum), urinary bladder, and internal structures of the reproductive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 3, Figure 1-4 OBJ: 5 TOP: Body cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
5. The four phases of cell division all occur in:
- diffusion.
- mitosis.
- osmosis.
- filtration.
ANS: B
During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 7 OBJ: 9 TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- Telophase is which phase of cell reproduction during mitosis?
- First phase
- Latent phase
- Final phase
- Spindle phase
ANS: C
During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 7 OBJ: 9 TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- The nurse is aware that which muscle group is both striated and involuntary?
- Skeletal
- Glial
- Cardiac
- Visceral
ANS: C
The cardiac muscle is both striated and involuntary.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 9-10, Figure 1-12 OBJ: 11 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can perform
- Organ 2 / 4
a more complex function than any tissue alone?
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- System
- Cell
- Endoplasmic reticulum
ANS: A
When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue alone, they are called organs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 11 OBJ: 7 TOP: Organs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- What traits describe visceral muscles?
- Smooth and voluntary
- Smooth and involuntary
- Striated and voluntary
- Striated and involuntary
ANS: B
Visceral (smooth) muscles will not function at will; thus, they act involuntarily.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 9, Figure 1-12 OBJ: 7 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- How are the thoracic and abdominal cavities separated?
- By the pleura
- By the diaphragm
- By the sagittal plane
- By the peritoneum
ANS: B
The diaphragm (a muscle directly beneath the lungs) separates the ventral cavity into the thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 10, Figure 1-3 OBJ: 3 TOP: Ventral cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- What is the broad section of biology dealing with the description of human structure?
- Hematology
- Anatomy
- Kinesiology
- Physiology
ANS: B
Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 1 TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 3 / 4
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- explains the processes and functions of many structures of the body and how they
- Anatomy
- Mitosis
- Filtration
- Physiology
interact with one another.
ANS: D
Physiology explains the processes and functions of the various structures and how they interrelate with one another.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 1 TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- The anatomic structure that is not in the thoracic cavity is/are the .
- Heart
- Lungs
- Blood vessels
- Transverse colon
ANS: D
The transverse colon is located in the abdominal cavity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 2, Figure 1-3 OBJ: 5 TOP: Thoracic cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form:
- tissues.
- systems.
- cells.
- membranes.
ANS: B
A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together they can perform complex functions for the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 TOP: Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
- What are the distinct surface proteins of the plasma membrane essential in determining?
- Tissue typing
- Blood count
- Effectiveness of a drug
- Sexual maturity
ANS: A
The plasma membrane has distinct surface proteins as coming from one individual. This is the basis for the procedure of tissue typing to determine compatibility before an organ transplant.
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