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Protein Synthesis Race Questions and Answers Already Passed
What is the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?✔✔RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing DNA into mRNA during the process of transcription.
How is protein synthesis affected if the ribosome malfunctions?✔✔If the ribosome malfunctions, protein synthesis can be halted or produce defective proteins, potentially disrupting cellular functions.
What happens during the initiation phase of translation?✔✔During initiation, the ribosome assembles around the mRNA and the first tRNA, starting the process of protein synthesis.
Why are transfer RNAs (tRNAs) considered adaptors in protein synthesis?✔✔tRNAs are considered adaptors because they translate the codons in mRNA into the corresponding amino acids by bringing them to the ribosome.
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How do ribosomes know where to begin translation on the mRNA strand?✔✔Ribosomes begin translation at the start codon (usually AUG) on the mRNA strand, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis.
What would occur if a stop codon is missing from the mRNA sequence?✔✔Without a stop codon, the ribosome would continue adding amino acids, resulting in an abnormally long protein that may be nonfunctional.
What is the role of GTP in the process of protein synthesis?✔✔GTP provides energy during protein synthesis, particularly in the stages of initiation, elongation, and termination.
How is mRNA stability maintained during translation?✔✔mRNA stability is maintained by protective caps and tails (5' cap and poly-A tail), which prevent degradation while the mRNA is being translated.
What factors influence the speed of protein synthesis?✔✔Factors like the availability of ribosomes, tRNAs, and amino acids, as well as the overall health of the cell, can influence the speed of protein synthesis.
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