PSIO 305 EXAM 4 BAO QUESTIONS

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PSIO 305 EXAM 4 BAO QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS- GRADED A

Question: Stressor

Correct Answer: a physical (external), chemical

(internal), or psychological (mental) factor resulting in tension of the body or mind

Question: Goal of stress response

Correct Answer: maintain or re-gain homeostasis

Question: 4 normal stress responses of the body

Correct Answer: 1. sympathetic activation (within 2-3

seconds)

• activation of adrenal medulla (20-30 seconds)
• HPA axis activation (mins, hrs, or days)
• cortisol neg feedback suppresses stress response (return

to normal state after stress)

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Question: Stress response: Sympathetic activation

Correct Answer: - HR increase, vasoconstriction,

sodium/water retention lead to higher BP and better blood circulation

• Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis, lipolysis make

nutrients more available

• Bronchial dilation results in more O2 intake
• Pupil dilation - more sensory info sent to brain
• Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct

resources and attention to stressor

• Increased bloodflow to skeletal muscle - Sympathetic

innervation of blood vessels of skeletal muscle is cholinergic in animals and is mediated by E/beta2 receptors in both animals and humans but to a lesser degree

Question: Stress response: Adrenal medulla activation

Correct Answer: - release Epinephrine, similar function

as Sympathetic activity

• sympathetic activity wanes quickly, E is more long

lasting

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Question: Stress response: HPA axis Correct Answer: - Glucocorticoids : breaking down proteins, fatty acids, and glycogen; gluconeogenesis; vasoconstriction; immunosuppression

- Minerolocorticoids : sodium/water retention to increase

blood volume/pressure continue to support fight or flight

Question: Stress response: Cortisol neg feedback to suppress response

Correct Answer: return to normal state after stress

HPA axis not meant to sustain the response

Question: Defining symptoms of PTSD

Correct Answer: 1. Intrusive memories - recurrent,

unwanted memories of traumatic event, nightmares, etc

• Avoidance - avoiding thinking/talking about the event,

avoiding reminders of it

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• Cognitive and mood disorder - negative thoughts about

self, other people and world, memory problems, lack of interest, detached, etc

• Changes in physical and emotional reactions - easily

startled, on guard, self-destructive behavior, trouble sleeping, irritability, aggression, guilt/shame

Question: Hypocortisolism

Correct Answer: in PTSD, NE/E and CRH levels

elevated but cortisol is reduced

• higher CRH and lower cortisol leads to overactive

sympathetic activity

• High CRH causes hippocampal atrophy
• Low cortisol causes autoimmune disease

Question: Cortisol and PTSD risk factors

Correct Answer: - low levels of cortisol before/shortly

after trauma is predictive of subsequent PTSD

• high cortisol associated with low incidence of PTSD