PSYCH 282 - BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION FINAL EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL 2025/2026 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED/GRADED A+
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) - =-----Answers__---A relaxation method that involves tensing and relaxing muscles of the body in sequence, leaving the muscles more relaxed than they were before.
Controversial aspects: tensing muscles may not be required or
may only be required when individual is being trained, audio recorded protocols or scripts that guide each step may not be as effective as actual in-person training/guidance.
Diaphragmatic Breathing (aka Deep Breathing) - =----- Answers__---- using the muscles of the diaphragm to breathe deeply and slowly in a rhythmic pattern
- characterized by expansion of the abdomen instead of just
- during breathing, the person focuses on the act of breathing
- activates the parasympathetic nervous system
- this behaviour is incompatible with the rapid, shallow
- can be used in conjunction with other relaxation procedures
the chest
and its sensations
breathing associated with high arousal and anxiety
attention-focusing exercises - =-----Answers__---Guided imagery, autogenic training, meditation` 1 / 4
Guided Imagery - =-----Answers__---Person imagines pleasant and peaceful scenes and images. Therapist guides the person through a script that describes what is experienced by each of the scenes in the situation.
Subtype of attention focusing exercises
- attention is focused on the scene instead of anxiety
- can be done in person with a therapist or listening to an
provoking thoughts and feelings
audio recording
Autogenic Training - =-----Answers__---autogenic = "self- produced"
Person imagines being in a peaceful scene and experiencing specific body sensations such as their arms feeling warm or heavy.
Instructions specify which part of the body to focus on, what feeling to imagine; this is followed by a rest period, and is repeated 3 times.
Full session takes about 35 min
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more suitable than PMR for those with chronic pain/injuries/mobility issues.
Meditation - =-----Answers__---The process of contemplating or focusing one's attention on an object, event, or idea to help the person become detached or disassociated from their physical states, thoughts, and feelings.
Derives from eastern philosophy
Essential components: quiet, distraction-free location; specific,
comfortable posture; open attitude; and focus of attention
Focus can be on a visual object (meditation stimulus), a mantra, or a persons own breathing
Alleviates anxiety and depression at a degree similar to antidepressants
Behavioural Relaxation Training - =-----Answers__---involves relaxing certain muscle groups, and adopting certain relaxed body postures
Similar to PMR but does not include the muscle tensing component.
- / 4
Typically incorporates other relaxation procedures such as breathing exercises and focused attention
Exposure-Based Therapies - =-----Answers__---systematic desensitization, in vivo desensitization, flooding, modelling (participant modelling, videotaped modelling, computer-aided vicarious exposure, VR exposure)
Systematic Desensitization - =-----Answers__---Developed by Joseph Wolpe- based on Mary Cover Jones' counterconditioning.
Applied to reverse a persons learned fear response (phobia or CER)
- person learns relaxation techniques
- person develops stimulus hierarchy (or fear hierarchy) of
CS's
- Subjective units of discomfort scale (SUDS): 1-100 scale that
is used to rate the amount of fear produced by a given CS
- therapists describes a CS while the person maintains a
- starts with least fear inducing and works up
state of relaxation
- reciprocal inhibition: relaxation response decreases the fear
response
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