Psych Final Exam Updated APEA Psych Final Exam Actual

pg. 1 Psych Final Exam / Updated APEA Psych Final Exam/ Actual Questions with Correct Answers/ Updated 2024-2025.

Temperament—a genetically influenced early form of personality—describes an infant's pattern of central nervous system responses and behaviors. Among the different types of temperament, which one is associated with more impairment of brain functioning and, in the absence of positive, nurturing parenting, is a risk factor for later development of psychiatric disorders?

• Easy
• Slow-to-warm-up/inhibited
• Mixed
• Difficult - ANSWER - D

According to psychosocial developmental theory, in the recently described "ninth age of man," beyond the life cycle,

• There are no further tasks to accomplish.
• The tasks that are the most important are generative versus stagnation.
• There is an emphasis on intimacy versus isolation.
• Tasks include overcoming life transitions. - ANSWER - D

Which attachment pattern is more likely to be found among children who have been abused?

• Secure
• Inhibited

C.Disorganized

• Avoidant - ANSWER - C

Nobel Prize winner Eric Kandel demonstrated that the brain

• Is plastic before birth but becomes hard-wired at birth 1 / 3

pg. 2

• Has plasticity and can change during the first 3 years of life
• Has plasticity that allows it to make new connections in response to learning
• Is unable to make new connections after age 26 - ANSWER – C

The primary relevance of Bowlby's attachment theory for psychiatric advanced practice nurses is that

• Toddlers develop primitive defense mechanisms such as denial.
• Toddlers develop an inner working model of how adults will respond to them.
• Toddlers face the psychosocial task of autonomy versus shame.
• Toddlers develop a fear of engulfment and enmeshment. - ANSWER - B

Early attachment experiences are transformed into inner working models of the self and mother by age

• 7 years
• 5 years
• 3 years
• 1 year - ANSWER - D

In a cantilevered model of needs such as Hansell's model,

• Basic needs must be met first
• There is a hierarchy of needs
• Each need supports all other needs
• Self-actualization is the last need to be met - ANSWER - C

Freud's drive theory proposes that individuals are motivated by

• Basic drives for survival and reproduction.
• Need to reduce anxiety.
• Need to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
• Basic drives for altruism. - ANSWER - A
• / 3

pg. 3 Brain plasticity, which refers to the brain's capacity to change in response to an event,

• Is the same for all individuals
• Involves physical changes of the brain
• Is absent in older adults
• Is independent of genetic influence - ANSWER - B

It is believed that recovery can be promoted in children by all of the following except

• Teaching problem-solving skills
• Providing social support
• Limiting challenging experiences
• Providing structure to daily life - ANSWER - C

The primary focus of the biopsychosocial model is

• Heritability of psychiatric disorders
• Domains of functioning
• Abnormalities of neurotransmission
• Abnormalities of systems and circuits - ANSWER - B

During an initial assessment, the relevant features of communication are its ability to

• Promote a therapeutic alliance and increase understanding.
• Prompt a disclosure of past successes and failures.
• Bring about changes in behavior.
• Educate the patient about what is important to disclose. - ANSWER - A

During the initial assessment of a patient with schizophrenia, in response to the question "What brought you to the clinic today?" a patient's response of "the van" is an example of

• Poverty of speech
• Concrete thinking
• Oppositional behavior
• / 3