PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND TREATMENT
FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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LATEST VERSION 2024-2025
What are hallucinations? - ANSWER-false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, inappropriate emotions and actions
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSWER-toneless voices, expressionless faces, or mute and rigid bodies
Explain who and when schizophrenia usually affects - ANSWER-strikes in late adolescence, no national boundaries, men are affected more severely, slightly more often and earlier than women, appears very suddenly
Explain the difference between positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia - ANSWER-positive symptoms are the presence of inappropriate behaviors while negative symptoms are the absence of appropriate behaviors
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What causes schizophrenia? - ANSWER-greatly researched, strong support of *brain abnormalities* such as dopamine over-activity, lack of glutamate and irregular brain activity and anatomy along with *genetic factors* and *prenatal factors*
When is depression considered a mental illness? - ANSWER-When it is no longer adaptive and it interferes with our survival
Define major depressive disorder - ANSWER-signs of depression last two weeks or more, usually goes away in less than 6 months
What are the symptoms of major depressive disorder? - ANSWER-worthlessness, loss of interest in family, friends and activities, lethargy, change in eating, thoughts of death, hopelessness
Define persistent depressive disorder (dysthymic disorder) - ANSWER-long-term, low-level depression, not debilitating, all day every day for at least 2 years
What are symptoms of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymic disorder) - ANSWER-low-self-esteem and hopelessness
Define seasonal affective disorder - ANSWER-depression that comes and goes with the seasons, triggered light deficiency, highest in winter
Explain the Medical Model. - ANSWER-says mental disorders are diseases of the mind and can be treated like a disease
Explain the psychological model - ANSWER-combines 4 perspectives:
behaviorism, cognitive psych, social learning and biological psych
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