PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM

(ACTUAL 2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS.

The process of releasing neurotransmitter molecules from the vesicles is known as _____ and occurs as a result of an influx of _____ - <<>>Exocytosis; Ca2+

Depot binding is said to occur when drugs - <<>>Bind to inactive sites

During the ____ period, no additional action potentials can be created - <<>>Absolute refractory

Cocaine increases the amount of DA, 5-HT, and NE in the synaptic cleft by - <<>>Blocking transporters.

Which of the following is not necessarily a part of the cycle of pathological drug use that can lead to addiction?

• Preoccupation with drug and anticipation of use
• Periods of intoxication and/or bingeing on the drug
• Periods of relatively prolonged abstinence from the drug
• Periods of withdrawal and negative affect -

<<>>Periods of relatively prolonged abstinence from the drug 1 / 4

In general, the ____ of a substance is positively correlated with _____ - <<>>addiction potential; speed of onset

The increase in threshold for electrical self-stimulation of the brain produced by withdrawal from chronic treatment with drugs of abuse is generally interpreted to indicate a(n) - <<>>Decrease in sensitivity of the reward circuit

Through classical conditioning, environmental stimuli associated with withdrawal states can cause relapse via - <<>>Conditioned withdrawal and craving Nicotine replacement therapy has employed all of the following formulations except for

• Lozenge
• Patch
• Nasal spray
• Pill - <<>>Pill

Caffeine - <<>>Is rapidly and completely absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the small intestine

An important medical use for caffeine is in the treatment of - <<>>Apnea 2 / 4

Caffeinism is characterized by all of the following symptoms except

• Tachycardia
• Gastrointestinal upset
• Migraine
• Nervousness - <<>>Migraine

Severe caffeinism can produce symptoms that are similar to - <<>>An anxiety disorder

Current evidence suggests that caffeine exerts its stimulant effects at the synapse by - <<>>Blocking adenosine receptors

The amount of active ingredient absorbed during marijuana smoking depends on all of the following except for the

• Amount of plant material used
• Potency of the plant material used
• Psychological state of the user
• Volume of each "puff" or inhalation -

<<>>Psychological state of the user

• / 4

Oral administration of marijuana - <<>>Leads to reduced blood levels due to first-pass metabolism and breakdown of drug in the stomach

Which of the following regarding the most prevalent CNS cannabinoid receptor is FALSE?

• it is a metabotropic receptor, currently designated as CB1
• It is an ionotropic receptor, currently designated CB1
• It plays a role in locomotor activity, coordination and

memory

• It is expressed in the basal ganglia, cerebellum,

hippocampus, and cortex - <<>>It is an ionotropic receptor, currently designate as CB1

Endocannabinoids contribute to retrograde signaling in the hippocampus by - <<>>Inhibiting Ca2+ mediated GABA release

Which of the following about the four stages that describe the subjective marijuana experience is false?

• The "buzz," is characterized by lightheadedness and

tingling

• The "high," is a period of euphoria, laughter, and

disinhibition

• During the "high," people are most likely to report changes

in perceptions and time sense

• / 4