PUBH 6003 Weeks 1-10 Exam R eview Latest Updated 2024/2025 with Complete Solutions Epidemiology - Correct Answer -study of how diseases are distributed in populations -the factors that influence or determine these distributions Epi is commonly called - Correct Answer the basic science of public health what are the hallmarks of science - Correct Answer data results what are the hallmarks of public health - Correct Answer •Discovering how diseases spread in a population (distribution) •Evaluate efficacy of preventative, therapeutic, and intervention activities •Measure the efficacy of health measures •Study disease trends over time •Plan for future health care need what types of science is epi - Correct Answer observational What does epi provide for EBM? - Correct Answer evidence what are the public health goals of epi? - Correct Answer protecting the health of entire populations (small, large, neighborhood, region, etc..) prevent problems from happening or recurring How do public health professional prevent problems from happening or recurring? - Correct Answer implementing educational programs recommending policies fixed population - Correct Answer members can only leave via death 1 / 4
dynamic population - Correct Answer members can join via birth, migration or an event that makes them a defined member of the population William Jenner - Correct Answer 1790's William Jenner used pus from cowpox against smallpox resulted in milder smallpox lead to widespread vaccination campaigns First Health Department - Correct Answer 1799 Boston Paul Revere was first health officer when did the concept of public health develop - Correct Answer •By the mid 1800s the basic concepts of public health were developed as scientists measured the impact of poverty, personal hygiene, and public sanitation on health Epidemiologic Society of London - Correct Answer •In the 1850s The Epidemiologic Society of London was formed, consisting of local physicians, ex-military commanders, and civil servants who presented papers related to public health issues germ theory of disease - Correct Answer Late 1800's from research of disease lead to acceptance of the germ theory Epi's Place in history - Correct Answer •Newish term •New profession •New academic field of study •Entwined with public health ...and knowledge of disease causation 2 / 4
•Began with doctors, but very early contributions from demographers/statisticians
•Always "multidisciplinary": might be easy to forget that now
Goals of Epi - Correct Answer -Foundation of public policy -identify etiology and relevant risk factors of disease -intervene to reduce morbidity and mortality -determine extent of disease in community -study history & progression of disease -evaluate preventive and therapeutic measures & modes of delivery Epi and Clinical Medicine - Correct Answer provide evidence for evidence based medicine -diagnosis -prognosis -selection of therapy or prophylaxis what are statistics - Correct Answer group measures by definition descriptive epidemiology - Correct Answer person place time the study variables - Correct Answer the aspects of person, place and time not already used to define the population what do epi studies describe? - Correct Answer disease distribution aka population wide patterns Person - Correct Answer age (most important) sex race / ethnicity 3 / 4
SES education demographics genetics (risk factors, diagnostic, markers) employment status / occupation nutritional status positive and negative behaviors physiological measured
place - Correct Answer geographic information:
•Environment: political/social
•Levels of violence
•SES
•Health policies/health care access •Data quality
•Environment: physical
•Climate •Altitude •Population density •Urban/rural Time - Correct Answer •Of event/diagnosis
•Date characteristics may show:
•Cyclical trends: short-term, often seasonal
•Secular trends: long-term trends over years or decades
•Clustering (time and space) •Time since exposure Requires date of exposure in addition to date of diagnosis
- / 4