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Praxis: Principles of Learning and
Teaching (PLT): Grades K-6 (5622)
Questions and Answers Latest Version Graded A+
What is the term for the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with help?✔✔ Zone of Proximal Development
Who is the theorist known for emphasizing the importance of social interaction in cognitive development?✔✔ Lev Vygotsky
What is the process by which new information is incorporated into existing schemas, according to Piaget?✔✔ Assimilation
What is the term for adjusting existing schemas to fit new information?✔✔ Accommodation
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According to Erikson, what is the central developmental task of early childhood?✔✔ Developing initiative vs. guilt
According to Maslow, what must be met before a student can focus on learning?✔✔ Basic physiological and safety needs
What is the term for a student’s belief in their ability to succeed at a task?✔✔ Self-efficacy
What type of motivation comes from within the student rather than external rewards?✔✔ Intrinsic motivation
What is the best way to support a student with low self-efficacy in math?✔✔ Provide achievable tasks and offer positive feedback
What is the term for reinforcing a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus?✔✔ Negative reinforcement
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Which learning theory is associated with observable changes in behavior due to conditioning?✔✔ Behaviorism
According to cognitive learning theory, how do students learn best?✔✔ By organizing and connecting new information to existing knowledge
What strategy involves breaking complex tasks into smaller steps with teacher support?✔✔ Scaffolding
What is the term for mental repetition to hold information in working memory?✔✔ Rehearsal
What is the ideal way to help students encode new information into long-term memory?✔✔ Connect it to prior knowledge
Which type of memory stores facts and general knowledge?✔✔ Semantic memory
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What is one way to reduce cognitive load during instruction?✔✔ Present information in short, manageable chunks
What is an example of metacognition in the classroom?✔✔ A student reflecting on which study strategy worked best
What is the term for a teacher modeling a strategy before students try it on their own?✔✔ Guided practice
How can teachers best encourage a growth mindset in students?✔✔ Praise effort and strategies, not just outcomes
Which theory supports learning through observation and imitation?✔✔ Social learning theory
Who is the theorist known for operant conditioning?✔✔ B.F. Skinner
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