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BIOD 331/ BIOD 331 Module 3 Newest 2025 Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+
During secondary late response, what happens on a cellular level?
- Lipid mediators and cytokines are released from immune cells
- Lipid mediators are broken down into arachidonic acid during
mast cell degranulation
What is anaphylaxis?Systemic life-threatening IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
The level of anaphylaxis depends on....the preexisting degree of sensitization and not with the quantity of exposure
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Explain a Grade I reaction.
- Occur in cutaneous and mucosal tissues
- Has erythema and urticaria (redness of the skin and hives)
- With/without angioedema (swelling beneath skin)
Explain a Grade II reaction.Multisystem involvement with
- hypotension
- Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- GI manifestations
Explain a Grade III reaction.
Life threatening reaction. Can have:
- Bronchospasm
- Cardiac dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
- Cardiac collapse
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Explain a Grade IV reaction.Reaction with cardiac arrest and management is focused on resuscitation.
What is atopy?Local, immediate reactions that are confined to a particular area.I.E. hives.
What is allergic rhinitis?a common hypersensitivity disorder with symptoms that include rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, watery eyes.
What treats allergic rhinitis?Antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, immunotherapy if all of the above are unsucessful
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What are Type II hypersensitivity reactions?Antibody mediated reactions, whereby IgG or IgM antibodies are directed against target antigens on specific host cell surfaces or tissues
What are tissue specific antigens?Materials associated with specific organs or tissues
What 4 ways do Type II reactions occur?
- Complement-activated cell destruction
- antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity
- Complement and antibody-mediated inflammation
- Antibody mediated cellular dysfunction
What is complement-activated cell destruction?
- Lysis of cell
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