West Coast EMT Final Study EXAM GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
LATEST 2024 2 VERSIONS
what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? - ANSWER✔✔A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction?what is the most common form of COPD? - ANSWER✔✔emphysema what is emphysema? - ANSWER✔✔a loss of the elastic material in the lungs that occurs when the alveolar air spaces are chronically stretched due to inflamed airways and obstruction of airflow out of the lungs.Signs and symptoms of COPD: - ANSWER✔✔Patients will chronically produce sputum, have a chronic cough, and difficulty expelling air from their lungs, with long expiration phases and wheezing.
Also: crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, or may have severely diminished breath sounds
ischemic heart disease - ANSWER✔✔a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart myocardial infarction (MI) - ANSWER✔✔heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea Angina - ANSWER✔✔a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium 1 / 3
cardiogenic shock - ANSWER✔✔Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) - ANSWER✔✔A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now." Cardiogenic Hypoperfusion - ANSWER✔✔otherwise called cardiogenic shock When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends mostly on the: - ANSWER✔✔age of the child and the size of the car that struck him radiation - ANSWER✔✔Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.Convection - ANSWER✔✔The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid conduction - ANSWER✔✔The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.Evaporation - ANSWER✔✔The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas Atherosclerosis - ANSWER✔✔A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.arteriosclerosis - ANSWER✔✔a disease that causes the arteries to thicken, harden, and calcify chemoreceptors - ANSWER✔✔chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide Baroreceptors - ANSWER✔✔cell that detect changes in blood pressure abrasion - ANSWER✔✔Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface. 2 / 3
avulsion - ANSWER✔✔An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.incision - ANSWER✔✔A sharp, smooth cut in the skin.laceration - ANSWER✔✔A deep, jagged cut in the skin.pulmonary edema - ANSWER✔✔A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.acute pulmonary edema - ANSWER✔✔occurs when an excessive amount of fluid collects in the spaces between the alveoli and capillaries, disturbs normal gas exchange
types of shock: - ANSWER✔✔Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic Neurogenic Anaphylactic Septic psychogenic obstructive obstructive shock - ANSWER✔✔caused by a mechanical obstruction which prevents an
adequate volume of blood to fill the heart chambers:
-cardiac tamponade -tension pneumothorax -pulmonary embolism distributive shock - ANSWER✔✔when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
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