RBC 1 Study Guide 221 Questions with Correct

RBC 1 Study Guide 221 Questions with Correct Answers case law - Correct Answers Court opinions that are issued over time through the power of judicial review circumstantial evidence - Correct Answers Evidence that does not prove a fact directly, but rather is personal knowledge or observations from which deductions are drawn consent search - Correct Answers Search conducted with consent that is voluntary and obtained from a person with the authority to give that consent contemporaneous - Correct Answers Search conducted at or near the time of arrest, although either can precede the other, at or near the place of the arrest, and while the arrestee is still on the scene curtilage - Correct Answers Relatively small and usually well-defined area immediately around a residence to which the private activities of the home extend, and in which the owner has an expectation of privacy custodial arrest - Correct Answers Arrest in which the suspect will be transported to a station, jail, detox center, juvenile hall, or school custodial lineup - Correct Answers Identification procedure in which the victim or witness to a crime is asked to look at a number of individuals within a custodial environment in an attempt to identify the suspect (also known as a physical lineup) direct evidence - Correct Answers Evidence that proves a fact directly, without an inference or presumption (e.g., the sale of a controlled substance to an undercover officer) evanescent evidence - Correct Answers Evidence that will change or be lost over time exigent circumstances - Correct Answers An emergency situation requiring swift action to prevent imminent danger to life, serious danger to property, imminent escape of a suspect, or the destruction of evidence 1 / 4

field showup - Correct Answers Viewing of a suspect by the victim or witness that commonly occurs in the field shortly after a crime has been committed implied consent - Correct Answers By obtaining a driver's license in California a person has agreed to chemical testing without a warrant (i.e., blood, breath, urine) knock and notice - Correct Answers Before entering a dwelling to serve a search warrant, officers must give notice to persons inside through certain actions motor vehicle - Correct Answers Self-propelled vehicle (e.g., automobiles, airplanes, buses, recreational vehicles, carts, etc.) nexus - Correct Answers A reasonable connection or link between two or more items objective reasonableness - Correct Answers Whether society is prepared to recognize an individual's expectation of privacy as reasonable open fields - Correct Answers Outdoor real property, outside the curtilage of the residence overflight - Correct Answers Flight of a plane or helicopter over a given area parole - Correct Answers Extension of a felon's sentence, that is, an additional specific period of time (usually three years) which a person must serve on the "outside" after having completed the actual prison sentence passenger compartment - Correct Answers Passenger Compartment can be considered to include all areas accessible to occupants within the vehicle photographic spread - Correct Answers Identification procedure in which the victim or witness to a crime is asked to look at a number of photographs in an attempt to identify the suspect (also known as a photographic lineup) plain view - Correct Answers Objects in the line of sight of an officer who has the right to be in that position are subject to seizure without a warrant if the officer has lawful access to the object(s) 2 / 4

probable cause exception - Correct Answers Warrantless vehicle search based on probable cause that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of a crime. Also referred to as the "automobile exception," or the "vehicle exception" probable cause plus - Correct Answers Additional show of need, beyond the usual probable cause, required for bodily intrusion warrants probable cause to search - Correct Answers Enough credible information to provide a fair probability that the object the peace officers seek will be found at the place they want to search probation - Correct Answers Sentencing alternative for a person convicted of a criminal offense granted at a judge's discretion protective search of a vehicle - Correct Answers Limited warrantless search of the passenger compartment of a vehicle for weapons protective sweep - Correct Answers Brief search of a house or building to look for individuals only public access area - Correct Answers Any area that the general public or some members of the public have been given either express or implied permission to be in reasonable expectation of privacy - Correct Answers When individuals have indicated that they personally (subjectively) expect privacy in the object or area, and their expectation is one which society is prepared to recognize as legitimate reasonable inference - Correct Answers Act of drawing a conclusion from a fact; it is similar to making a presumption (e.g., seeing smoke and inferring there is a fire) search - Correct Answers Governmental infringement or intrusion upon an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable search warrant - Correct Answers Written order, in the name of the people, signed by a magistrate, directed to a peace officer, commanding the officer to search for a person or persons, a thing or things, or personal property, and, in the case of a thing or things or personal property, to bring the same before the magistrate (Penal Code Section 1523) 3 / 4

seizure of a person - Correct Answers Peace officer's physical application of force, or a person's voluntary submission to a peace officer's authority seizure of property - Correct Answers Meaningful interference with an individual's possessory interest in that property by the government stable evidence - Correct Answers Evidence that will not change over time standing - Correct Answers When a person has a legitimate possessory interest or relationship over an object or area subjective expectation of privacy - Correct Answers A person's state of mind demonstrated by affirmative action designed to protect their privacy valid consent - Correct Answers A person can give permission for search of areas/items within their control vehicle inventory - Correct Answers Procedure peace officers use to account for personal property in a vehicle that is about to be impounded or stored voluntary consent - Correct Answers An act of free will and not the result of duress or coercion To establish probable cause to search peace officers must be able to articulate how and why they have a fair probability to believe: - Correct Answers - a crime has occurred or is about to occur

• evidence pertaining to the crime exists
• the evidence is at the location they wish to search

The 4th amendment provides for: - Correct Answers The people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized Reasonable expectation of privacy exists as long as: - Correct Answers - Individuals have indicated that they personally expect privacy in their object or area

• their expectation is on which society is prepared to recognize as legitimate
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