RNSG 2539 EXAM 3 LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM 110 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS )
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Medical management for neurogenic bladder - ANSWER- continuous, intermittent, or self-catheterization an external condom-type catheter a diet low in calcium (to prevent calculi) encouragement of mobility and ambulation.
Medications for neurogenic bladder - ANSWER- Parasympathomimetic medications, such as bethanechol (Urecholine), may help to increase the contraction of the detrusor muscle.
coup-contrecoup brain injury - ANSWER- When the brain continues to move forward after a rapid stop, striking the inside of the skull, resulting in a compression injury or bruising to the anterior of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior of the brain.
diffuse brain injury - ANSWER- Include concussions and diffuse axonal injuries Involve microscopic damage to cells Most common mechanisms of injury include acceleration-deceleration injuries and rotational forces 1 / 3
involves large portion of the brain
Concussion (brain injury) - ANSWER- blow to head causing trauma from minor to severe. if lose consciousness may result in memory loss
mild concussion - ANSWER- }Produces no loss of consciousness but brief period of confusion and disorientation }Patients may or may not experience retrograde amnesia (inability to recall events just preceding injury)
classic concussion - ANSWER- }Involves a temporary loss of consciousness ◦Usually less than five minutes ◦No longer than six hours ◦Retrograde or posttraumatic amnesia always present ◦May have headaches, dizziness, vertigo, nausea, visual disturbances, difficulty in concentration, poor memory, behavior disorders, irritability, anxiety, or insomnia
Primary brain injury - ANSWER- }Occurs immediately on impact of mechanical force ◦Damage is done and cannot be reversed ◦Injury to brain or vasculature
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Secondary brain injury - ANSWER- }evolves over next hours or days ◦Results from inadequate nutrients and oxygen (perfusion) to brain cells
◦Death occurs at three points in time:
◦immediately after injury ◦Within 2 hrs of injury
- weeks after injury
post concussion syndrome - ANSWER- }Disabling difficulties may become evident after return to job or school }May benefit from referral to specialist }Must be advised to avoid activities with potential for high risk for repeated concussion, such as contact sports ◦Repeat concussion may cause autoregulatory dysfunction and progressive cerebral edema
diffuse axonal injury - ANSWER- involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of the extension of the neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.}Immediate and prolonged coma longer than six hours to persistent vegetative state }May display decorticate or decerebrate posturing
focal brain injury - ANSWER- }Contusion ◦Constitute most common types of brain injury
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