- | P a g e
pg. 1
SARAH MICHELLE LIVE REVIEW STUDY GUIDE
LATEST 2025 TEST BANK| COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIIED
ANSWERS) ALREDY GRADED A+|| NEWEST UPDATE|
Why are type 1 diabetics insulin dependent? - ANSWER - They have an autoimmune destruction of their beta cells
What are some examples of rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER - Humalog, Novalog, Apidra
What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid acting insulin? -
ANSWER - Onset: 15 minutes
Peak: 1 hour
Duration: 2-4 hours
What are some examples of short acting insulin? - ANSWER - Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)
What is the onset, peak and duration of short acting insulin? - ANSWER
- Onset: 30 min- 1 hour
Peak: 2-4 hours
Duration: 6-8 hours
- / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 2 What are some examples of intermediate insulin? - ANSWER - NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)
What is the onset, peak, and duration of intermediate insulin? -
ANSWER - Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 6-12 hours
Duration: 24 hours
What are some examples of long acting insulin? - ANSWER - Lantus, Levemir
What is the onset, peak and duration of long acting insulin? - ANSWER
- Onset: 2 hours
Peak: NONE
Duration: 24 hours
What is truly our GO TO oral diabetes medication? - ANSWER - Metformin (Biguanides)
What is the maximum daily dosage of Metformin? - ANSWER - 2,550 mg in a day
What labs do we need to monitor when a patient is on Metformin? - ANSWER - Monitor renal function, if GFR drop to less than 30- have to discontinue Metformin 2 / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 3 Why does Metformin need to be stopped prior to having any procedure with contrast? - ANSWER - Contrast dye is harsh on the kidneys, need to be sure that there is pause with that Metformin so that their kidneys are not seriously injured.
Long term usage of Metformin can lead to what deficiency? - ANSWER
- B12 deficiency anemia
How does Metformin impact weight? - ANSWER - Metformin is weight NEUTRAL, some patient even will have weight loss with this drug
Does Metformin cause hypoglycemia? - ANSWER - NO, Metformin works in the body by inhibiting glucose production in the liver. Due to that there are no issues with hypoglycemia
What are some examples of SGLT-2 inhibitors? - ANSWER - All the - flozin's Empagiflozin
What is the MOA for SGLT-2 inhibitors? - ANSWER - Reduce absorption of glucose in the renal tubules, the patient will urinate out the extra glucose
What lab should be assessed prior to prescribing SGLT-2 inhibitors? - ANSWER - Renal function
- / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 4 Does SGLT-2 inhibitors cause hypoglycemia? - ANSWER - SGLT-2 inhibitors have a LOW risk for hypoglycemia
What education is required for patients who are on SGLT-2 inhibitors? - ANSWER - Staying hydrated and reporting any new urinary issues
What patients are NOT good candidates for SGLT-2 inhibitors? - ANSWER - Patients who cannot make it to the bathroom in time Patients with frequent UTIs or yeast infections already
What is a major perk to SGLT-2 inhibitors? - ANSWER - They are cardio-protective- they have shown to reduce overall risk of mortality associated with coexisting cardiac conditions, and they may even prevent future cardiac issues.
What diabetes medication classes are cardioprotective? - ANSWER - SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists
What are examples of DPP-4 inhibitors? - ANSWER - Alt he -gliptins Sitagliptin
What is the MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors? - ANSWER - Increase insulin production/decrease glucagon secretion Impacts fasting and postprandial glucose levels
- / 4