Scientific study of heredity, which is the passing of traits of all kinds from biological parents to

NUR 220 Genetics

• Genes

Answer Structures that carry the instructions for all our inherited traits, a segment of DNA.

• Genetics

Answer Scientific study of heredity, which is the passing of traits of all kinds from biological parents to their children.

• Genome

Answer Entire set of genetic instructions found in a cell. Complete set of genes for species.

• Genomics

Answer Study of the organization, function, and evolution of the genome. Human genome project identified and mapped genes in human genome.

• Genomic medicine

Answer Almost all diseases have genetic component. May develop drug therapies targeted to clients' genetic differences. May identify clients at risk for health problems (prevention/early detection, more information for genetic counsel- ing).

6. DNA

Answer Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double helix macromolecule that is the primary carrier of genetic information

recipes for our proteins. 1 / 3

• Chemical composition of DNA

Answer

• bases

Adenosine, cytosine, guanine, thymine.

• How do bases pair in DNA?

Answer Adenosine with thymine (A-T). Cytosine with guanine (C-G).

• Chromosomes

Answer Genetic material made up of tightly wound DNA.

• Locus

Answer Place on a chromosome where specific genes are arranged in a linear fashion to encode for a particular protein (their address on the chromosome). Example

The locus for eye color.

• Allele

Answer Alternative forms of a gene. One of possible alternate forms of gene coding for a trait. Example

At the locus ("address") for eye color, I have one allele for blue and one allele for brown.

• Autosomes

Answer Chromosomes common to both sexes of a species (all other chromosomes than the sex chromosomes). 2 / 3

• Sex chromosomes

Answer Chromosome pair that determines sex of species. In hu- mans, females are XX and males XY.

• Euploidy

Answer Normal number of chromosomes for species.

• Aneuploidy

Answer Aberrant number of chromosomes for species (such as trisomy 21 in Down syndrome).

• Normal number of chromosomes in human somatic cells

Answer 22 pairs of auto- somes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes = 46 chromosomes. One of each pair from the mother and one of each pair from the father. Women are 46,XX. Men are 46,XY.

• Normal number of chromosomes in human gametes (ova and sperm

Answer 22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome = 23 chromosomes.

• Method of cell division in somatic and germ cells

Answer Somatic

Mitosis. Germ cells

Meiosis.

• Genotype
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