Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers What are carbohydrates and lipids? - Correct Answer Organic compounds that are mostly composed of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen What do carbohydrates do? - Correct Answer provide energy, in the form of sugars like glucose and fructose, but they also make up structures like cellulose, which form the cell wall of plant cells What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? - Correct Answer mono-, di- and poly-saccharides What are mono and disaccharides? - Correct Answer polar and soluble in water What are polysaccharides? - Correct Answer Macromolecules resulting from polymerisation (condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water Examples of monosaccharides - Correct Answer ribose, glucose, fructose, galactose What forms a disaccharide? - Correct Answer two monosaccharides linked together by condensation reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O molecule Alpha glucose structure - Correct Answer Beta glucose structure - Correct Answer Examples of Polysaccharides - Correct Answer cellulose, glycogen and starch Monomer of Sucrose - Correct Answer glucose and fructose monomer of maltose - Correct Answer glucose and glucose 1 / 3
monomer of lactose - Correct Answer glucose and galactose monomer of starch - Correct Answer glucose monomer of glycogen - Correct Answer glucose monomer of cellulose - Correct Answer glucose In animals, what carbohydrate stores energy? - Correct Answer glycogen What jobs do carbohydrates have other than storing energy? - Correct Answer structural components What differs the polysaccharides all made up of glucose? - Correct Answer they differ in the arrangement of glucose molecules and position of the glycosidic bonds Starch arrangement - Correct Answer amylopectin branched, amylose linear What is galactose? - Correct Answer a sugar in milk What is fructose? - Correct Answer a sugar found in fruit and honey Main characteristic of lipids? - Correct Answer little to no affinity to water, mostly hydrophobic What are the simple forms of lipids? - Correct Answer fat, oil and wax What are lipids characteristics in different solvents? - Correct Answer they are non-polar and insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents 2 / 3
What are triglycerides? - Correct Answer the main group of lipids. They are formed by condensation reactions between one glycerol and three fatty acids, creating ester bonds What are the main types of triglycerides? - Correct Answer fats and oils. Fats are solid and oil liquid at room temp What are fatty acids? - Correct Answer carboxylic acids, possessing a -COOH functional group What are the two basic forms of fatty acids? - Correct Answer saturated and unsaturated What differs saturated from unsaturated fatty acids? - Correct Answer Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds; a monounsaturated having one, whereas a polyunsaturated having multiple What are cis and trans isomers? - Correct Answer cis having the double bond elements on the same side, trans on opposite Benefit of lipids over carbohydrates? - Correct Answer Lipids have a higher energy content and can act as thermal insulators What is the primary protein structure? - Correct Answer the number and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide What is the secondary protein structure? - Correct Answer Beta pleated sheet and alpha helix. Hydrogen bonds between polypeptides form these structures What is the tertiary protein structure? - Correct Answer three dimensional conformation. Forms when a polypeptide folds up after translation. Stabilized by intramolecular bonds between amino acids and polypeptides What is the quaternary protein structure? - Correct Answer linking two or more polypeptides to form a single protein
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