Sociology 101 Final: Sociology 101 Final
Exam Study Guide
Socialization (Ans- the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society
Reflection theory (Ans- the idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the underlying reality or social structures of our society is projected
Generalized other (Ans- an internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings--regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before
Resocialization (Ans- the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately through an intense social process that my take place in a total institution
Role (Ans- the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status
Role strain (Ans- the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status
Ethnomethodology (Ans- literally "the methods of the people," this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a shared social order 1 / 3
Large group (Ans- a group characterized by the presence of a formal structure that mediates interaction and, consequently, status differentiation
Narrative (Ans- the sum of stories contains in a set of ties
Structural hole (Ans- a gap between network clusters, or even two individuals, if those individuals (or clusters) have complementary resources
Social capital (Ans- the information, knowledge of people, and connections that help individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks
Organization (Ans- any social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a boundary between its membership and the rest of the social world
Organizational culture (Ans- the shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group; often used interchangeably with corporate culture
Organizational structure (Ans- the ways in which power and authority are distributed within an organization
Isomorphism (Ans- a constraining process that forces one unit in a population to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions
Social deviance (Ans- any transgression of socially established norms
- / 3
Crime (Ans- the violation of laws enacted by society
Social cohesion (Ans- social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day-to-day basis
Mechanical/Segmental solidarity (Ans- social cohesion based on sameness
Organic solidarity (Ans- social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts
Social control (Ans- those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
Formal social sanctions (Ans- mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior
Informal social sanctions (Ans- the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership; the unspoken rules of social life
Social integration (Ans- how well you are integrated into your social group or community
Social regulation (Ans- the number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis
- / 3