SPMT 319 Exam 1 Latest Update 2023-2024 80

SPMT 319 Exam 1 Latest Update 2023-2024 80+ Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed Success

3 valued means to achieve - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. puritan ideal of hard work

• pathway to success is through continual striving for excellence
• deferred gratification

anecdotal evidence - CORRECT ANSWER: social commentators

athletes - CORRECT ANSWER: viewed as instruments to achieve organizational

goals, as a means to an end

attack upon sport - CORRECT ANSWER: seen as an attack upon society itself

bonding social capital - CORRECT ANSWER: - individuals form relationships with

similar others

• people of the same social strata

bridging social capital - CORRECT ANSWER: - relationships formed with dissimilar others

• not of the same social strata
• homeless soccer players form relationships with their volunteers

ceteris paribus - CORRECT ANSWER: - in group members are liked more, receive

more help, and garner more positive evaluations than out groups -

commodification - CORRECT ANSWER: involves viewing and treating human beings

as objects to be manipulated, bought, and sold

competition - CORRECT ANSWER: - selects out those not fit to succeed or achieve

• infuses almost all aspects of American society, from the corporate world to schools to

the boy and Girl scouts to our sporting pursuits, resulting in a "survival of the fittest" mentality

conflict theory - CORRECT ANSWER: - examine social processes that result in

disharmony, social discord, and conflict

• puts a primacy on power, status, and privilege, and holds that people tend toward

competition, not cooperation

• argue that people use their resources and privilege as ways to secure their standing in

society, as a consequence, to subjugate others; hence, social structures and class differences are highlighted

constructs - CORRECT ANSWER: approximated units that cannot readily be observed 1 / 2

cost of attending all home games - CORRECT ANSWER: 5-23% of the average

American's annual income

critical race theory - CORRECT ANSWER: - guided by 5 central tenets

• researchers centralize race and racism in their analysis of systems, processes, and

individual behaviors

• question the legitimacy of meritocracy, color-blindness, equal opportunity, and racial

equality

• commitment to social justice, including a belief in egalitarianism and liberation
• seek out and centralize people who are otherwise marginalized and have had their

voices silenced

• embrace a multidisciplinary approach to their scholarship

critical theories - CORRECT ANSWER: - focus on power and power relations, but also focus on human agency, or the choices people make

• recognize the influence of society, but seek to understand how individuals and groups

exert human agency as they cope with, adapt to, and change existing power relationships

3 theories:

• hegemony
• feminist
• critical race

culture - CORRECT ANSWER: the ways of life that people create as they participate in a group or society

deferred gratification example: - CORRECT ANSWER: - individuals have a willingness to forsake immediate pleasure for the promise of latter rewards

• "put aside those pleasurable activities until the necessary ones are accomplished"

deontology - CORRECT ANSWER: - rules based approach that focuses on duty and

obligation

• "ethics of duty"

economic activity - CORRECT ANSWER: most of this comes from physical activity and exercise endeavors, also known as "participant sport"

empirical data - CORRECT ANSWER: scientists rely on this

ethical dilemma - CORRECT ANSWER: - when people are presented with a

circumstance that potentially challenges their belief sand might force them to act one way or another to resolve some conflict

• course of action might be unclear, or where reasonable people cannot agree on what

should/should not be done

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