NUR 406 Brain
- Arousal
Answer state of wakefulness thats mediated by the reticular activating system (RAS)
- awareness
Answer cognitive fxns that embody self-awareness, environment, and affec- tive states
content of thought stimulus and response
- if damage to to RAS
Answer Dont wake up
- consciousness
Answer our awareness of ourselves and our environment and produce a response to stimulus (arousal vs awareness)
- consciousness requires
Answer both hemispheres and intact upper brainstem with integration through RAS
Cannot be measured directly but is estimated from observation and response to stimulation is dynamic and occurs along a continuum where change can be rapid or very slow
- what is the most sensitive indicator of neurologic hange?
Answer consciousness 1 / 4
- full consciousness
Answer awake, alert, oriented
- there is no direct measure of
Answer consciousness
- confusion/disorientation
Answer impaired decision making, difficulty with following commands, disoriented to time and place
- lethargy
Answer limited spontaneous movement, drowsy, sluggish
- obtundation
- stupor
- coma
Answer Arousable with stimulation usually pain
Answer responsive to vigorous and repeated stimulation must constantly be stimulated
Answer no response to noxious stimulation
- persistent vegetative state
Answer 2 / 4
permanent loss of function of cerebral cortex
- LOS is
Answer lethargy then obtundation then stupor
- with AO questions you should
Answer change them up
- s/s of deteriorating BF
Answer LOC changes, CSR, central neurogenic hyperventi- lation, Cheyenne-stokes, apnea, pupillary changes
Answer oculocephalic reflexes (Doll's eyes, cold water calorics), flexion & extension posturing
- abnormal breathing changes
Answer cheyene-stokes(over breathing then no breath- ing from metabolic disease process), central neurogenic hyperventilation, apneustic breathing, cluster breathing, ataxic breathing (before someone passes away)
- pons level breathing is
Answer SERIOUS (central, apneustic, cluster)
- ataxic breathing is usually
Answer right before death, very unpredictable
- unilateral dilated pupil 3 / 4
Answer also known as blown pupil
- pupil changes
Answer unilateral dilated, bilateral dilated, irregular, conjugate gaze, small pinpoint (often opiate OD)
- small pinpoint pupils
Answer common with OD
- conjugate gaze is common with
Answer stroke
- irregular pupils can be caused by
Answer being hit in the orbit
- CN 3 changes
Answer early
Answer ipsilateral (each moving differently) pupil change (change in size, shape, sluggish response of pupil, deviation of eyes)
- CN 3 changes
Answer Late
Answer ipsilateral pupil change (dilated, nonreactive, ptosis, de- conjugate eye movement) wont react to light stem
- / 4