StraighterLine BIO250 - Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions What is a Transforming Infection? - Correct Answers Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to cancer What is a lysogenic infection? - Correct Answers Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome and is passed on to subsequent generations What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - Correct Answers Host cell gets so packed with viruses that is lyses (splits) open and releases mature virions What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - Correct Answers 1.) Isolate and ID viruses in clinical specimens 2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines 3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - Correct Answers 1.) Using live animal inoculation 2.) Using bird embryos 3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - Correct Answers Prions, viroids, and satellite viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - Correct Answers CHONPS
C - arbon H - ydrogen N - itrogen P - hosphate S - ulphur What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? - Correct Answers Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs 1 / 3
Define Saprobe: - Correct Answers A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms Define Parasite - Correct Answers An organism that lives in or within a host from which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - Correct Answers movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - Correct Answers Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane hypotonic cell: - Correct Answers cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water rushes in, may burst cell hypertonic cell: - Correct Answers cells that are more concentrated than their environment; water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrivel isotonic cell: - Correct Answers extracellular environment has the same concentration of solutes as the cell cytoplasm types of passive transport - Correct Answers Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple diffusion facilitated diffusion - Correct Answers passive transport: Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors molecule specific transport - Correct Answers Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of binding sites on transport proteins simple diffusion - Correct Answers Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a state of random motion Name three types of active transport: - Correct Answers Carrier mediated, group translocation, bulk transport 2 / 3
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - Correct Answers Active transport where atoms or molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors Group translocation transport is.... - Correct Answers Active transport where molecule is moved across membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance Bulk transport is.... - Correct Answers active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a vesicle (e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.) Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - Correct Answers Can use oxygen and detoxify is, can neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? - Correct Answers Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism Define mutualism - Correct Answers both organisms benefit Define commensalism - Correct Answers one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Define Parasitism - Correct Answers one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) Define Antagonism - Correct Answers Members of a community compete (some members are inhibited or destroyed by others.Define synergism - Correct Answers an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can grow independently Characteristic of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria: - Correct Answers Biofilms respond to the environment by sensing and planktonic does not resplond to the environment because they are free floating How do bacteria divide? - Correct Answers binary fission
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