Straighterline CHEM101 Final Exam Study Guide 2023/2024 Questions with Complete Solutions total number of neutrons and protons in an atom; # protons + # electrons - Correct Answer Mass Number Most nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic table? - Correct Answer p Ernest Rutherford disproved J.J. Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that... - Correct Answer Positive matter is concentrated in the central core Plants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal, preventing most of it from being washed out to sea? - Correct Answer Potassium What is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical equation?__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O - Correct Answer 2:1:1:2 What is Avogadro's number? - Correct Answer the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon- 12
- g = 6.022 × 1023 amu
What is the reducing agent in the following equation?Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) - Correct Answer Mg Which arrangement accurately describes the standard entropy values at different phases? - Correct Answer (s) < (l) < (g) What are the most stable isotopes? - Correct Answer 2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons What element has been oxidized and what element has been reduced?3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O - Correct Answer S = oxidized N = reduced How do you convert from moles to grams? - Correct Answer multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles How do you convert from grams to moles? - Correct Answer Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole 1 / 3
measure of the amount of matter - Correct Answer Mass made from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically bonded; cannot be separated into simpler substances by any physical process; can be separated by a chemical reaction - Correct Answer Compound Definite shape and volume Doesn't conform to shape of container Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion - Correct Answer Solid Definite volume, indefinite shape Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each other - Correct Answer Liquid No definite shape or volume Conforms to shape and volume of container Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles - Correct Answer Gas Color, melting point, boiling point Observed and measured without changing identity of substance - Correct Answer Physical Property Observed by performing a chemical change - Correct Answer Chemical Property Combination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and properties Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity of compounds - Correct Answer Mixture fixed composition and differs from a mixture (every sample has same properties and composition) - Correct Answer Pure Substance molecule with a charge contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together - Correct Answer Polyatomic Ion atoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron - Correct Answer ions positive ion, may have roman numeral - Correct Answer Cation negative ion, element ends in -ide - Correct Answer Anion atom of an element that has a different mass because of a different number of neutrons, but same atomic number - Correct Answer isotope 2 / 3
total number of protons in an atom; also indicates number of electrons - Correct Answer Atomic Number additional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a lower activation energy - Correct Answer Catalyst What 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction? - Correct Answer Surface area Concentration Temperature Catalyst A reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat - Correct Answer exothermic reaction A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat - Correct Answer endothermic reaction How many particles/atoms/molecules are in a mole? - Correct Answer 6.022 x 10^23 particles Surface area impacts rate of reaction how? - Correct Answer Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid Concentration impacts rate of reaction how? - Correct Answer increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy & proper orientation Temperature impacts rate of reaction how? - Correct Answer Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions pressure increases, volume decreases pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2 - Correct Answer Boyle's Law Volume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure remains the same V/T = constant or V1/T1 = V2/T2 - Correct Answer Charles' Law volume increases with number increases v/n - Correct Answer Avogadro's Law increase in temperature & increase in pressure p/T = constant or p1/T1 = p2/T2 - Correct Answer Guy-Lussac's Law PV = nRT - Correct Answer Ideal Gas Law When do you use the Ideal gas law? - Correct Answer when 3 variables are given in an question
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