Study Guide for Statewide APHY101 Online Midterm Exam

Study Guide for Statewide APHY101 Online Midterm Exam Latest Update 2023-2024 100% Complete Solution NOTE: The midterm exam will pull: 40 questions from Chapters 1, 2, and 3 combined, 16 questions from Ch. 4, 19 questions from Ch. 5, & 25 questions from Ch. 6.Chapter 1

• Anatomy – “a cutting up” examines the structures, or morphology, of body parts their forms &

organization

• “ Relationship to nature” considers the functions of the body parts what they do & how they do it

Simplest to most complex

• Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

• Physiological events that obtain,release, & use energy are largely

part of metabolism of all the chemical reactions in an organism that support life Define homeostasis? How does a homeostatic mechanism maintain homeostasis?

• Tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as

maintained by physiological process

• Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kind

of stimulus. Often it causes the output of a system to be lessened; so, the feedback tends to stabilize the system. This can be referred to as homeostatis, as in biology, or equilibrium, as in mechanics

• Cranial Cavity 3. Spinal Cavity
• Pleural Cavity
• Pleural Cavity
• Diaphragm
• Abdominal Cavity
• Pelvic Cavity

• Each serous membrane is composed of a

secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the study of Physiology?Name and define the levels of organization of life?Define metabolism.What is meant by negative feedback? How does negative feedback affect homeostatic mechanisms?Know the locations of the major body cavities. Be familiar with major organs within each cavity.Describe the structure of a serous membrane? 1 / 2

mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid (Referring to section 7) What are signs of aging at the cellular level?

• The body is assumed to be standing, feet together, arms

to the side and head, eyes, and palms of hands facing forward *Know the meaning of the common anatomical terms presented in the textbook for relative position (such as medial vs. lateral, proximal vs. distal, etc.).

• Superior – above, over
• Inferior – below, under
• Medial – toward the side, away from midline
• Proximal – near, closer to the origin
• Distal – away from, farther from the origin
• Superficial – more external
• Deep – more internal
• Sagittal plane – vertical plane through body, divides right from left
• Midsagittal – sagittal plane that divides body into equal left & right regions
• Parasagittal plane – divides body into unequal right & left regions
• Frontal plane/Coronal plane – divided anterior & posterior region
• Transverse – horizontal plane, divides midsection into superior & inferior regions

Chapter 2

• Chemistry is important to this study because physiological responses in the body are are controlled

by chemical reactions, everything form thinking, to muscle contraction to digestion is controlled by chemical reactions and signals

• Atom – smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of an element
• Element 0 simplest examples of matter with specific chemical properties
• Molecule – 2 or more atoms may combine to form a distinctive type of particles
• Compound – 2 or more separate elements

• Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium,

phosphorus

• Element is equal to the

number of protons in each atom

• Equal to the number of protons plus the # of neutrons in each atom

What is meant by Anatomical Position?Explain why Chemistry is an important part of the study of Physiology.Define atom, element, molecule, and compound.Name the bulk elements of the human body.What do Atomic Number and Atomic Weight of an atom represent?

• / 2