Summary Topic 1: Introduction to Environmental
Health with Complete Solutions Content areas of Environmental Health - Correct Answer Air quality water quality food safety waste disposal Healthy People 2010 - Correct Answer Physical and social environments play major roles in the health of individuals and communities.Physical Environment - Correct Answer air, water, soil through which exposure to chemical, biological, and physical agents may occur Social Environment - Correct Answer housing, transportation, urban development, land use, industry, agriculture, and results in exposures such as work-related stress, injury, and violence What are some threats to U.S. Environment? - Correct Answer trash on beaches, hazardous wastes from disposal sites, episodes of air pollution, exposures to toxic chemicals, destruction of the land through deforestation What did Warren Winkelstein say about the Three Ps? What are the three Ps? - Correct Answer Pollution, Poverty, Population are PRINCIPAL determinants of health worldwide. They are
interrelated:
Population growth --> Poverty Poverty +population growth --> pollution Example of Pollution - Correct Answer combustion of fossil fuels which disperse greenhouse gases into the atmosphere---> global warming What is an effect of global warming? - Correct Answer it advances the range of disease carrying insects, bringing them into new, not original, areas. Ex. mosquito borne West Nile Virus and dengue fever appear in other areas, like the U.S.Population is... - Correct Answer growing exponentially, up to 10- 12 billion people during the 21st century. May exceed carrying capacity by a factor of 2 1 / 2
Population may exceed carrying capacity by what factor? - Correct Answer 2 Poverty - Correct Answer linked to pop. growth, it is one determinant of adverse of health outcomes.Environmental factors that are likely to spread influenza? - Correct Answer intensive animal husbandry (cultivation) in order to supply food to growing population---> this in turn creates crowded conditions among animals as well as close humans.Also, ability of humans to travel from one area to another.Describe the relationship between environment and human health - Correct Answer environment is intimately connected with human health, illness, and mortality.Toll of death caused by environmental factors? - Correct Answer 40% What accounts for environmentally associated morbidity and mortality? - Correct Answer exposure to potentially hazardous agents (microbes), toxic chemicals and metals, pesticides, ionizing radiation Examples of Morbidity - Correct Answer acute and chronic conditions, allergic responses, and disability Chronic diseases are thought to be - Correct Answer result of complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors Percent of global disease burden linked to environmental sources? - Correct Answer 25-33% Definition: Burden of Disease - Correct Answer The total significance of disease for society beyond the immediate cost of treatment. Measured in years of life lost to ill health: DIFFERENCE B/W TOTAL LIFE EXPECTANCY and DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE EXPECTANCY Definition: Life Expectancy - Correct Answer Expectation of the number of years of life AT BIRTH.Definition: Disability adjusted life expectancy - Correct Answer Number of years of health life expected in a particular population
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