Test Bank for Neuroscience, 6th Edition Purves • Augustine • Fitzpatrick Chapters 1 - 34 1 / 10
Test Bank to accompany Neuroscience, Sixth Edition Purves • Augustine • Fitzpatrick • Hall • LaMantia • Mooney • Platt • White
Chapter 1: Studying the Nervous System
Multiple Choice
- Which part of DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA?
- Exon
- Intron
- Promoter
- Non-coding DNA
- Regulatory DNA
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Genetics and Genomics
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- Genomics is the analysis of
- coding DNA sequences for a species.
- regulatory DNA sequences for an individual organism and a species.
- coding and regulatory DNA sequences for a species.
- coding and regulatory DNA sequences for an individual organism.
- coding and regulatory DNA of an individual organism or a
species.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Genetics and Genomics
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Which of Camillo Golgi’s contributions enabled Santiago Ramón y Cajal to make
- Articulation of the neuron doctrine
- Identifying the organelle later called the Golgi apparatus
- Development of a staining method based on impregnation with silver salts
- Improving the understanding of the pathophysiology of malaria
- Articulation of the reticular theory of nerve cell
observations that suggested that nerve cells are discrete entities?
communication
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- The major proponent(s) of the neuron doctrine was(were)
- Camillo Golgi.
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
- Charles Sherrington.
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Charles Sherrington. 2 / 10
- Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Which function is a characteristic primarily of neurons only, and not glia?
- Transmits action potentials
- Supports electrical signals
- Repairs the nervous system
- Prevents regeneration of the nervous system
- Produces myelin
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- In which part of a neuron would most of the endoplasmic reticulum be concentrated?
- Postsynaptic terminal
- Presynaptic terminal
- Axon
- Cell body
- Dendrite
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Which intracellular component facilitates the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Cytoskeleton
- Golgi apparatus
- Nucleus
underlying synaptic communication?
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- Most neurons have
- one axon hillock (initial segment).
- multiple axon hillocks (initial segments).
- one dendrite.
- one axon hillock (initial segment) and one dendrite.
- multiple axon hillocks (initial segments) and one dendrite.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Neurons
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering 3 / 10
4 / 10
- Which statement best describes the function of a neuron with multiple, highly
- It passes information directly to multiple neurons.
- It cannot integrate information from multiple neurons.
- It receives information from only one other neuron.
- It integrates information from many neurons.
- The information it receives will not be relayed.
branched dendrites and one axon?
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Neurons
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
- Which statement best describes most neurons?
- They receive information via axons.
- They transmit information to other cells via dendrites.
- They are polarized.
- They conduct signals bidirectionally.
- They transmit electrical signals via cytoplasmic continuity.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Neurons
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
- Compared with projection neurons, axons of local circuit neurons (interneurons)
- are longer.
- are shorter.
- have more synapses.
- have more branches.
- reach more postsynaptic neurons.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Neurons
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- An action potential is a(n) change in the electrical potential across the nerve
- single
- all-or-nothing
- permanent
- random
- unidirectional
cell membrane.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Neurons
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- The part of a synapse to which the contents of synaptic vesicles bind is called the
- presynaptic terminal.
- synaptic ending.
- axon terminal. 5 / 10
- terminal bouton.
- receptor.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Neurons
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Which cell produces myelin in the nerves of the peripheral nervous system?
- Astrocyte
- Neuron
- Schwann cell
- Microglia
- Neural progenitor cell
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Glial Cells
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Which glial cell type serves as a resident immune cell in the central nervous system?
- Glial stem cell
- Astrocyte
- Microglia
- Oligodendrocyte
- Schwann cell
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Glial Cells
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- In the mature central nervous system, glial stem cells with the properties of
- astrocytes.
- neurons.
- oligodendrocytes.
- astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons.
astrocytes can give rise to
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Glial Cells
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Refer to the figure. 6 / 10
Which method was used to visualize the retinal neurons shown?
- Cresyl violet staining
- Intracellular injection of a fluorescent dye
- Intracellular injection of an enzyme
- Silver impregnation (the Golgi method)
- Nissl stain
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Cellular Diversity in the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
- The in situ hybridization method is based on
- labeling specific neuronal components with antibodies.
- using nucleic acid probes to detect mRNAs that encode specific genes.
- using nucleic acid probes to detect specific proteins.
- injecting a fluorescent dye into a neuron.
- formation of an insoluble colored product within cell bodies.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Cellular Diversity in the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- In the knee-jerk reflex, the afferent neurons
- innervate leg flexor muscles.
- innervate leg flexor and extensor muscles.
- innervate leg extensor muscles.
- are sensory neurons.
- are cranial nerves.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Neural Circuits
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding 7 / 10
- What is the role of interneurons in the knee-jerk reflex?
- Inhibition of motor neurons to all leg muscles
- Amplification of the response
- Dampen the pain of the hammer tap
- Relaxation of flexor muscles
- Transfer of signal from efferent to afferent neurons
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Neural Circuits
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- Refer to the figure.
The figure shows patterns of action potentials (vertical lines) in neurons that form the neural circuits for the knee-jerk reflex. Which pattern represents the activity of a flexor motor neuron?
- Top
- Second from the top
- Third from the top
- Bottom
- None of the above
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Neural Circuits
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
- Which component represents the peripheral nervous system?
- Nucleus (i.e., group of neurons)
- Spinal nerve
- Tract
- Column
- Commissure
Answer: b 8 / 10
Textbook Reference: Organization of the Human Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- From which part of the nervous system do cells that innervate neuromuscular
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Somatic motor division of PNS
- Visceral motor division of PNS
- Autonomic nervous system
junctions originate?
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Organization of the Human Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Why is the white matter lighter than the gray matter?
- These are just historic terms not representative of real colors.
- White matter is less dense than gray matter.
- White matter is more translucent than gray matter.
- White matter contains more Schwann cells, which are light in appearance.
- White matter is richer in myelin, which reflects more light than gray matter.
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Organization of the Human Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
- The neurons whose synaptic connections with glandular cells trigger stomach
- the spinal cord.
- the brain stem.
- the ganglia located along the vertebral column.
- front of the vertebral column.
- the ganglia embedded in the wall of the stomach.
secretions are located in
Answer: e
Textbook Reference: Organization of the Human Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Neuroethology is the field devoted to studying complex behavior
- through specifically designed behavioral tasks.
- in the native environment.
- in a laboratory.
- during a limited number of trials.
- using invasive methods.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Analyzing Complex Behavior
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
- Which brain research method is associated with the greatest safety concerns? 9 / 10
- Computerized tomography
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Event related potential analysis
- Electroencephalography
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Computerized Tomography
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
Short Answer
- Draw a simple diagram of a neuron and label its components. In what ways are
neurons specialized for communication? How do these specialized features distinguish neurons from other types of cells?Answer: Neurons have axons and dendrites, structures for maintaining and transmitting electrical potential, and synapses, all of which allow neurons to establish connections and share information.
Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
- Glia are at least as numerous as neurons in the brain, yet neurons are the
predominant focus of neuroscience textbooks. Why?Answer: Neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical signals, while glia primarily play a supporting role.Textbook Reference: Cellular Components of the Nervous SystemBloom’s Level: 1.Remembering
- What was the substance of the disagreement between Golgi and Cajal that,
nevertheless, earned them both the 1906 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology?Answer: Golgi was a proponent of the “reticular theory,” which stated that all nerve cells are connected, whereas Cajal argued that nerve cells are discrete entities, which is now known as the neuron doctrine.