TEST jBANK jFOR jAjCONCISE jINTRODUC

TEST jBANK jFOR jAjCONCISE jINTRODUC TION jTOjLOGIC j13THjEDITION BYjPATRICK jJ.jHURLEY, jLORI jWATSON

TESTjBANK 1 / 4

1 Chapterj1jTestjA

MULTIPLE jCHOICE INSTRUCTIONS: jThejfollowingjselectionsjrelatejtojdistinguishingjargumentsjfromjnonargumentsjandji dentifyingjconclusions.jSelectjthejbestjanswerjforjeach.

• Therejappearsjtojbejajgrowingjhappinessjgapjbetweenjmenjandjwomen.jWomenjtodayjarejworkingjmor

ejandjrelaxingjless,jwhilejmenjarejworkingjlessjandjrelaxingjmore.jFortyjyearsjagojajtypicaljwomanjspe ntj40jminutesjmorejperjweekjthanjthejtypicaljmanjperformingjanjactivityjconsideredjunpleasant.jToday ,jwithjmenjworkingjless,jthejgapjisj90jminutesjandjgrowing.

a. Argument;jconclusion:jTodayj...jthejgapjisj90jminutesjandjgrowing.

• Nonargument.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jFortyjyearsjagoj...janjactivityjconsideredjunpleasant.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jTherejappearsjtojbej...jbetweenjmenjandjwomen.

e. Argument;jconclusion:jWomenjtodayjarejworkingjmorejandjrelaxingjless.

ANS:jD PTS:jj2

• Leadjisjtoxic,jbutjdojyoujknowjwhy?jLeadjisjtoxicjmainlyjbecausejitjpreferentiallyjreplacesjotherjmetalsjinj

biochemicaljreactions.jInjsojdoingjitjinterferesjwithjthejproteinsjthatjregulatejbloodjpressurej(whichjcanjca usejdevelopmentjdelaysjinjchildrenjandjhighjbloodjpressurejinjadults),jhemejproductionj(whichjcanjleadjto janemia),jandjspermjproduction.jLeadjalsojdisplacesjcalciumjinjthejreactionsjthatjtransmitjelectricaljimpul sesjinjthejbrain,jwhichjdiminishesjthejabilityjtojthinkjandjrecalljinformation.AnnejMariejHelmstine,j"YourjGuidejtojChemistry"

• Argument;jconclusion:jItjinterferesjwithjthejproteinsj...jandjspermjproduction.

b. Argument;jconclusion:jLeadjisjtoxic.

• Nonargument.
• Argument;jconclusion:jItjpreferentiallyjreplacesjotherjmetalsjinjbiochemicaljreactions.

e. Argument;jconclusion:jLeadjalsojdisplacesjcalciumj...jrecalljinformation.

ANS:jC PTS:jj2

• Aristotlejfocusedjonjclarifyingjthejconceptjofjvirtuejitself.jHejarguedjthatjitjwasjvirtuousjtojchoosejthejprop

erjamountjofjemotionjand/orjactionjcalledjforjinjajparticularjsituationjandjthatjextremesjofjemotionjandjacti onjwerejvices.jInjalljcommunitiesjtherejarejsomejmenjofjpracticaljwisdomjwhojhavejthejcapacityjtojjudgejw isely.jAristotlejarguedjthatjtheyjhavejthejcapacityjtojfollowjthej"rightjrule"jwhateverjthejsituation.DavidjCooper,jValuejPluralismjandjEthicaljChoice

a. Argument;jconclusion:jInjalljcommunitiesj...jcapacityjtojjudgejwisely.

• Argument;jconclusion:jAristotlejfocusedjonjclarifyingjthejconceptjofjvirtuejitself.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jTheyjhavejthejcapacityjtojfollowj...jthejsituation.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jHejarguedjthatjitjwasjvirtuousj...jwerejvices

• Nonargument.

ANS:jE PTS:jj2

• Illegaljimmigrantsjpayjlocaljsalesjtaxes,jandjmanyjofjthemjalsojpayjstate,jlocal,jandjfederaljincomejtaxjandjS

ocialjSecurityjtax.jTheyjalsojpurchasejitemsjfromjlocaljmerchants,jincreasingjthejamountjthesejmerchantsj payjinjtaxes.jInjaddition,jtheyjworkjforjlowjsalaries,jwhichjincreasesjthejearningsjofjtheirjemployersjandjthej amountjofjtaxesjthesejemployersjpay.jThus,jitjisjnotjcorrectjtojsayjthatjillegaljimmigrantsjcontributejnothing jtojthejcommunitiesjinjwhichjtheyjlive.

• Argument;jconclusion:jItjisjnotjcorrectjtojsayj...jcommunitiesjinjwhichjtheyjlive.
• Argument;jconclusion:jTheyjworkjforjlowjsalariesj...jthesejemployersjpay. 2 / 4

2

c. Argument;jconclusion:jIllegaljimmigrantsjpayj...jSocialjSecurityjtax.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jTheyjalsojpurchasejitemsj...jpayjinjtaxes.

• Nonargument.

ANS:jA PTS:jj2

• Numerousjstudiesjhavejindicatedjthatjwomenjofjcolor,jblackjwomenjinjparticular,jarejover-arrested,jover-

indicted,jandjover-sentenced.jAfrican- Americanjwomenjarejsevenjtimesjmorejlikelyjtojbejarrestedjforjprostitutionjthanjwomenjofjotherjethnicjgr oups.jBlackjwomenjhavejreceivedjsignificantlyjlongerjsentencesjforjcrimesjagainstjpropertyjandjservedjlo ngerjperiodsjinjprison.jForjbothjmurderjandjdrugjoffenses,jEuroamericanjwomenjendedjupjservingjone- thirdjlessjtimejforjthejsamejoffensesjthanjblackjwomen.NancyjKurshan,j"WomenjandjImprisonmentjinjthejU.S."

a. Argument;jconclusion:jAfrican-Americanjwomenj...jotherjethnicjgroups.

• Nonargument.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jForjbothjmurderjandjdrugjoffensesj...jblackjwomen.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jNumerousjstudiesjhavejindicatedj...jover-sentenced.

• Argument;jconclusion:jBlackjwomenjhavejreceivedj...jlongerjperiodsjinjprison.

ANS:jB PTS:jj2

• It'sjevenjmorejimportantjthesejdaysjthatjyourjcomputerjbejprotectedjbyjajfirewall.jTherejarejcriminaljeleme

ntsjlurkingjinjthejshadowsjofjcyberspacejwhojsendjoutjprobesjtojdetectjunprotectedjPCs.jOncejajvulnerablej computerjisjfound,jthesejcriminalsjinstalljsoftwarejthatjassistsjthemjinjcommittingjidentityjtheftjandjfencin gjstolenjIDs.jTheyjalsojdefraudjonlinejadvertisersjbyjusingjthesejzombiejcomputersjtojvisitjpay-per- clickjads.

• Argument;jconclusion:jTherejarejcriminaljelementsj...jtojdetectjunprotectedjPCs.

b. Argument;jconclusion:jOncejajvulnerablejcomputerj...jfencingjstolenjIDs.

• Nonargument.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jTheyjalsojdefraudj...jtojvisitjpay-per-clickjads.

e. Argument;jconclusion:jIt'sjevenjmorejimportantj...jprotectedjbyjajfirewall.

ANS:jE PTS:jj2

• Thejearthjisjofjinterestjtojastronomyjforjmanyjreasons.jNearlyjalljobservationsjmustjbejmadejthroughjthejat

mosphere,jandjthejphenomenajofjthejupperjatmospherejandjthejmagnetospherejreflectjthejstatejofjinterplane taryjspace.jThejearthjisjalsojthejmostjimportantjobjectjofjcomparisonjforjplanetologists.HannujKarttunen,jetjal.,jFundamentaljAstronomy

a. Argument;jconclusion:jThejphenomenaj...jstatejofjinterplanetaryjspace.

b. Argument;jconclusion:jThejearthjisjalsoj...jforjplanetologists.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jThejearthjisjofjinterestjtojastronomy.

• Nonargument.

e. Argument;jconclusion:jNearlyjalljobservationsj...jthroughjthejatmosphere.

ANS:jC PTS:jj2

• Ifjthejtradejinjtigerjproductsjisjbanned,jtigerjreservesjarejguardedjbyjwelljequippedjstaff,jcommunitiesjabutt

ingjtigerjhabitatjarejgivenjajstakejinjprotectingjtigers,jandjthejmakersjofjtraditionaljmedicinesjcanjbejpersua dedjthatjtigerjpartsjarejnotjneeded,jthenjtigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted,jhabitatjandjlifejsustainingjpreyjwilljbe jrestored,jandjthejimmanentjextinctionjofjtigersjinjthejwildjwilljbejaverted.

• Nonargument.

b. Argument;jconclusion:jThejtradejinjtigerjproductsjisjbanned.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jTigerjpoachingjwilljbejhalted.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jThejmakersjofjtraditionaljmedicinesj...jnotjneeded.

• Argument;jconclusion:jTigerjpoachingjwilljbejhaltedj...jwilljbejaverted. 3 / 4

3 ANS:jA PTS:jj2

• Humansjarejbiologicaljorganisms.jTojunderstandjourjbehaviorjandjmentaljprocesses,jwejneedjtojundersta

ndjtheirjbiologicaljunderpinnings,jstartingjwithjthejcellularjlevel,jthejneuron.jHowjwejfeel,jlearn,jrememb er,jandjthinkjalljstemjfromjneuronaljactivity.jSo,jhowjajneuronjworksjandjhowjneuronsjcommunicatejarejcr ucialjpiecesjofjinformationjinjsolvingjthejpuzzlejofjhumanjbehaviorjandjmentaljprocessing.

RichardjGriggs,jPsychology:jAjConcisejIntroduction

a. Argument;jconclusion:jTojunderstandjourjbehaviorj...jthejneuron.

b. Argument;jconclusion:jHumansjarejbiologicaljorganisms.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jHowjwejfeelj...jneuronaljactivity.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jHowjajneuronjworksj...jmentaljprocessing.

• Nonargument.

ANS:jD PTS:jj2

• Virusesjarejacellularjentitiesjtoojsmalljtojbejseenjwithjajlightjmicroscope.jTheyjarejcomposedjofjajnucleicja

cidjandjajfewjproteins.jVirusesjreplicatejthemselvesjandjdisplayjotherjpropertiesjofjlivingjorganismsjonlyj whenjtheyjhavejinvadedjlivingjcells.jIndeed,jsomejvirusesjcanjbejcrystallizedjandjstoredjinjajcontainerjonjaj shelfjforjyears,jbutjtheyjretainjthejcapacityjtojinvadejcellsjandjcausejdisease.

JacquelynjC.jBlack,jMicrobiology:jPrinciplesjandjExplorations

• Argument;jconclusion:jTheyjarejcomposedjofjajnucleicjacidjandjajfewjproteins.
• Nonargument.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jVirusesjarejacellularjentitiesj...jmicroscope.

• Argument;jconclusion:jIndeed,jsomejvirusesjcanjbejcrystallizedj...jcausejdisease.

e. Argument;jconclusion:jVirusesjreplicatejthemselvesj...jinvadedjlivingjcells.

ANS:jB PTS:jj2

• Harnessingjthejclean,jabundantjenergyjofjthejsunjandjwindjisjcriticaljtojsolvingjthejglobaljwarmingjproble

m.jTechnologicaljadvancesjhavejbroughtjthejcostjofjelectricityjgeneratedjbyjthejwindjdownjbyj82jpercentj sincej1981.jSolarjenergyjtechnologyjhasjmadejremarkablejprogressjasjnewjphotovoltaicjcellsjhavejbeenjd evelopedjtojconvertjevenjgreaterjamountsjofjsunlightjdirectlyjintojelectricity.jTodayjthejcostsjofjwindjandj solarjpowerjarejbecomingjcompetitivejwithjdirtyjcoal-firedjplants.SierrajClub,j"GlobaljWarmingjSolutions"

a. Argument;jconclusion:jTodayjthejcostsjofjwindj...jdirtyjcoal-firedjplants.

b. Argument;jconclusion:jTechnologicaljadvancesj...jbyj82jpercentjsincej1981.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jHarnessingjthejcleanj...jthejglobaljwarmingjproblem.

• Nonargument.

e. Argument;jconclusion:jSolarjenergyjtechnologyj...jdirectlyjintojelectricity.

ANS:jD PTS:jj2

• Itjisjlikelyjthatjinnocentjprisonersjinjthisjcountryjhavejbeenjexecutedjforjcrimesjtheyjdidjnotjcommit.jFromj1

973juntilj2007,j124jdeathjrowjinmatesjhavejbeenjexonerated.jInjmanyjofjthesejcasesjDNAjevidencejplayedj ajcrucialjrole.jYet,jinjthatjsamejtimejframe,jmorejthanj1000jprisonersjwerejexecuted.jForjmanyjofjthesejpris onersjnojDNAjevidencejwasjavailable.jIfjsuchjevidencejhadjbeenjavailable,jhowjmayjmorejwouldjhavejbee njexonerated?

a. Argument;jconclusion:jInjmanyjofjthesejcasesj...jplayedjajcrucialjrole.

• Nonargument.

c. Argument;jconclusion:jFromj1973j...jhavejbeenjexonerated.

d. Argument;jconclusion:jForjmanyjofjthesejprisonersj...jwasjavailable.

• Argument;jconclusion:jItjisjlikelyjthatjinnocentjprisonersj...jtheyjdidjnotjcommit.
• / 4