TEST mBANK mFOR mCOGNITION mEXPL

TEST mBANK mFOR mCOGNITION mEXPL ORING mTHE mSCIENCE mOFmTHE mMIND ,m7THmEDITION,mDANIEL mREISBERG

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CHAPTER m1 ThemSciencemofmthemMind

LEARNING mOBJECTIVES

1.1. Describemthemscopemandmgoalsmofmcognitivempsychology.

1.2. UnderstandmthemcasemofmH.M.,mandmthemmanymwaysmthatmmemoryminfluencesmourmlives.

1.3. Describemthemlimitationsmofmintrospectionmasmammethodmformscientificminquiry.

1.4. Comparemandmcontrastmclassicalm(Watsonian)mbehaviorismmandmcognitivempsychology.

1.5. Kant’sm“transcendentalmmethod”mismsometimesmcalledm“inferencemtombestmexplanation.”mExplainmthismmethodmandmh

owmitmworks.

1.6. Describemthemrole,minmthememergencemofmcognitivempsychology,mthatmwasmplayedmbymcomputermsciencemandmthemdev

elop-mmentmofm“computermintelligence.”

MULTIPLE mCHOICE

• WhichmofmthemfollowingmtopicsmismNOTmcommonlymstudiedmwithinmcognitivempsychology?
• angermmanagement
• decisionmmaking
• memory
• Attention

ANS:mA DIF: Easy REF: ThemScopemofmCognitivemPsychologymOBJ: 1.1 MSC:mUnderstanding

• CognitivemprocessesmaremNOTmnecessarymformwhichmdailymactivity?
• readingmamnewspape

r

• studyingmformamtest
• talkingmonmthemphone
• breathing

ANS:mD DIF: Easy REF: ThemScopemofmCognitivemPsycholog y OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying

• Alyssamwantsmtombemampsychologistmbutmismunsuremwhichmtopicmwithinmpsychologymmostminterestsmher.mWhichm

ofmthemfollowingmtopicsmwouldmbemLEASTmlikelymtomleadmhermintomcognitivempsychology?

• amnesia
• languagemacquisition
• Lymemdisease
• problem-solvingmstrategies 2 / 4

ANS:mC DIF: Easy REF: ThemScopemofmCognitivemPsychologymOBJ: 1.1 MSC:mApplying

• Considermthemsequencem“BetsymwantedmtombringmJacobmampresent.mShemshookmhermpiggymbank.”mMostmpeople,ma

ftermhearingmthismsequence,mbelievemBetsymwasmcheckingmhermpiggymbankmtomseemifmshemhadmmoneymtomspendmonmthemgift.mThisminfe rencemaboutmBetsy’smgoalsmdependsmonmthemfactmthat

• ourmpreviousmknowledgemfillsminmbackgroundminformationmwhenevermwe’remunderstandingmanme

ventmormconversation.

• readersmaremlikelymtomknowmsomeonemnamedmJacob.
• English,munlikemothermlanguages,mrequiresmspeakersmtommentionmallmofmthempeopleminvolvedmi

nmanmevent.

• themindividualmsentencesmaremshort.

ANS:mA DIF: Easy REF: ThemBroadmRolemformMemorymOBJ: 1.1 MSC:mUnderstanding

• WhichmofmthemfollowingmstatementsmismLEASTmlikelymtomapplymtompatientmH.M.?
• “Hemcannotmremembermwhatmhemdidmearliermtoday,mincludingmeventsmthatmtookmplacemjustmanmhourmago.”
• “Hemreadmthismstorymlastmmonth,mbutmhemwasmstillmsurprisedmbymhowmthemstorymturnedmout.”
• “Evenmthoughmhemhasmencounteredmthemnursemmanymtimes,mhemismstillmunablemtomrecognizemher.”
• “Hemrememberedmthatmitmwasmonlymamweekmagomthatmhe’dmheardmthemsadmnewsmthatmhismunclemhadmdied.”

ANS:mD DIF: Moderate REF: AmnesiamandmMemorymLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC:mApplying

• ResearchmwithmH.M.mprovidesmanmillustrationmformwhichmmajormthememofmthemchapter?
• Introspectionmismanmimportantmresearchmtoolmformcognitivempsychologists.
• Cognitivempsychologymcanmhelpmusmunderstandmamwidemrangemofmactivitiesmthatmdependmonmsome

one’smabilitymtomremember.

• Memorymismnotmverymimportant.
• Themdisruptionmcausedmbymbrainmdamagemdependsmonmhowmwidespreadmthemdamagemis,mandmnotmo

nmthemspecificmsitesmthatmaremdamaged.

ANS:mmB DIF: Moderate REF: ThemScopemofmCognitivemPsycholog y OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating

• Patientsmsufferingmfrommclinicalmamnesiamaremcharacterizedmby
• memorymdysfunction.
• anminabilitymtomrecognizempattern

s.

• inarticulatemspeech.
• impairedmlanguagemcomprehension.

ANS:mA DIF: Easy REF: AmnesiamandmMemorymLossmOBJ: 1.2 MSC:mRemembering

• Themtermm“introspection”mrefersmtomthe
• processmbymwhichmonemindividualmseeksmtominfermthemthoughtsmofmanothermindividual.
• proceduremofmexaminingmthoughtmprocessingmbymmonitoringmthembrain’smelectricalmactivity. 3 / 4

• processmofmeachmpersonmlookingmwithin,mtomobservemhismormhermownmthoughtsmandmideas.
• techniquemofmstudyingmthoughtmbyminterpretingmthemsymbolsmusedminmcommunication.

ANS:mC DIF: Easy REF: ThemLimitsmofmIntrospectionmOBJ: 1.3 MSC:mRemembering

• Amparticipantmismaskedmtomlookmwithinmhimselfmormherselfmandmreportmonmhismormhermownmmentalmprocesses.mThismmeth

od ismcalled

• logicalminference.
• reconstruction.

• mintrospection.

md.

ANS:mC DIF: Easy REF: ThemLimitsmofmIntrospectionmOBJ: 1.3 MSC:mRemembering

• Ofmthemfollowing,mintrospectionmismLEASTmusefulmformstudying
• topicsmthatmaremstronglymcoloredmbymemotion.
• mentalmeventsmthatmaremunconscious.
• processesmthatminvolvemconceptualmknowledge.
• eventsmthatmtakemamlongmtimemtomunfold.

ANS:mB DIF: Moderate REF: ThemLimitsmofmIntrospectionmOBJ: 1.3 MSC:mUnderstanding

• WhichmofmthemfollowingmstatementsmaboutmintrospectionmismFALSE?
• Itmismthemonlymwaymtomobservemconsciousmeventsmdirectly.
• Itmismsubjective.
• Itmprovidesmstrongmevidencemformhypothesis-testing.
• Itmwasmamtechniquemusedmhistoricallymtomstudymcognition.

ANS:mC DIF: Moderate REF: ThemLimitsmofmIntrospectionmOBJ: 1.3 MSC:mUnderstanding

• Geniemwondersmwhymshemcanmnevermremembermthemnamesmofmnewmacquaintances.mInmsearchmofmanmanswer,mshemexa

minesmandmreflectsmonmhermfeelingsmaboutmmeetingmnewmpeople.mGeniemismengagedminmwhichmprocess?

• practicalmrehearsal
• introspection
• learningmhistorymanalysis
• goalmretrieval

ANS:mB DIF: Moderate REF: ThemLimitsmofmIntrospectionmOBJ: 1.3 MSC:mApplying

• Introspectionmwasmemployedmasmamresearchmtoolminmthemlatem1800smbecause
• itmwasmregardedmasmthemonlymwaymtomobservemthemmind’smcontentsmdirectly.
• itmprovidedmdatamfrommindividualsmwithoutmanymspecializedmtraining.
• consciousmeventsmaremjustmasmimportantmasmunconsciousmevents.
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