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National 5 Biology - Unit 1 End of Unit Test Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
What is the function of mRNA during protein synthesis?✔✔To carry genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
What are the building blocks of proteins?✔✔Amino acids
What is genetic engineering?✔✔The manipulation of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits
How does recombinant DNA technology work?✔✔It involves combining DNA from two different sources to create a new set of genetic material
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?✔✔To bring amino acids to the ribosome during translation 1 / 3
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What is the process by which cells divide to form two identical cells?✔✔Mitosis
What is the role of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication?✔✔To unwind the DNA double helix
What is the main function of the cell membrane?✔✔To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What structure in plant cells contains chlorophyll?✔✔Chloroplasts
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?✔✔To synthesize proteins
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in animal cells?✔✔Mitochondria 2 / 3
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?✔✔Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?✔✔To store water and maintain turgidity
What process occurs in the mitochondria of the cell?✔✔Aerobic respiration
What is the main role of the nucleus in a cell?✔✔To control the activities of the cell and store genetic material (DNA)
What is a gene?✔✔A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
How does active transport differ from passive transport?✔✔Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not
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