TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDING nPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDING nPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

• Annursenisninstructingnthenstaffnaboutncellularnfunctions.nWhichncellularnfunctionnisnthennursend

escribingnwhennannisolatedncellnabsorbsnoxygennandnusesnitntontransformnnutrientsntonenergy?

• Metabolicnabsorption
• Communication
• Secretion
• Respiration

ANS:nD

Thencell’snabilityntonabsorbnoxygennisnreferredntonasnrespirationnwhilenitsncommunicationnabilityninv olvesnmaintenancenofnanstead N yndynamicnstate,nmetabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,nandnsecretio nnallowsnfornthensynthesizingnofnnewnsubstances.

• AneukaryoticncellnisnundergoingnDNAnreplication.nInnwhichnregionnofnthencellnwouldnmostnofnt

hengeneticninformationnbencontained?

• Mitochondria
• Ribosome
• Nucleolus
• Nucleusncytoplasm

ANS:nC

Thenregionnofnthencellnthatncontainsngeneticnmaterial,nincludingnanlargenamountnofnribonucleicnaci d,nmostnofnthenDNA,nandnDNA- bindingnproteins,nisnthennucleolus,nwhichnisnlocatednwithinnthencell’snnucleus.nMitochondrianisnas sociatednwithncellularnrespirationnwhilenribosomesnareninvolvednwithnproteinnmanufacturing.nCy toplasmnisnanfluidnfillingnthatnisnancomponentnofnthencell.

• Whichnofnthenfollowingncannremovenproteinsnattachedntonthencell’snbilayernbyndissolvingnthenl

ayernitself?

• Peripheralnmembranenproteins
• Integralnmembranenproteins
• Glycoproteins
• Cellnadhesionnmolecules

Chaptern01:nCellularnBiology

Huether:nUnderstandingnPathophysiology,n7thnEdition

MULTIPLE nCHOICE

• Anstudentnisnobservingnancellnundernthenmicroscope.nItnisnobserv

edntonhavensupercoilednDNAwithnhistones.nWhichnofnthenfollowi ngnwouldnalsonbenobservednbynthenstudent?

• Ansinglencircularnchromosome
• Annucleus
• Free-floatingnnuclearnmaterial
• Nonorganelles

ANS:nB

Thencellndescribednisnaneukaryoticncell,nsonitnhasnhistonesnandnans upercoilednDNAnwithinnitsnucleus;nthus,nthennucleusnshouldnben observed.nAnsinglencircularnchromosomencallednanprokaryotencon tainsnfree-floatingnnuclearnmaterialnbutnhasnnonorganelles. 1 / 4

TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDING nPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

ANS:nB

Proteinsndirectlynattachedntonthenmembranenbilayerncannbenremovednbynthenactionnofnintegralnme mbranenproteinsnthatndissolventhenbilayer.nPeripheralnmembranenproteinsnresidenatnthensurfacenw hilencellnadhesionnmoleculesnarenonnthenoutsidenofnthenmembrane.nGlycoproteinnmarksncellsnandn doesnnotnfloat.

• Whichnofnthenfollowingncannbindntonplasmanmembranenreceptors?
• Oxygen
• Ribosomes
• Amphipathicnlipids
• Ligands

ANS:nD

Ligandsnarenthenonlynspecificnmoleculesnthatncannbindnwithnreceptorsnonnthencellnmembrane.

• Annursenisnreviewingnanreportnfromnanpatientnwithnmetastaticncancer.nWhatnalternationninnthene

xtracellularnmatrixnwouldnsupportnthendiagnosisnofnmetastaticncancer?

• Decreasednfibronectin
• Increasedncollagen
• Decreasednelastin
• Increasednglycoproteins

ANS:nA

Onlynanreducednamountnofnfibronectinnisnfoundninnsomentypesnofncancerousncells,nallowingnthemn tontravelnornmetastasize.

• Whichnformnofncellncommunicationnisnusedntonrelatentonotherncellsninndirectnphysicalncontact?
• Cellnjunction N
• Gapnjunction
• Desmosome
• Tightnjunction

ANS:nA

Cellnjunctionsnholdncellsntogethernandnpermitnmoleculesntonpassnfromncellntoncell.nGapnjunctionsnallo wnforncellularncommunicationnbetweenncells.nNeitherndesmosomesnnorntightnjunctionsnarenassociat ednwithncellularncommunication.

• Pancreaticnbetancellsnsecreteninsulin,nwhichninhibitsnsecretionnofnglucagonnfromnneighboringna

lphancells.nThisnactionnisnannexamplenofnwhichnofnthenfollowingnsignalingntypes?

• Paracrine
• Autocrine
• Neurohormonal
• Hormonal

ANS:nA

Paracrinensignalingninvolvesnthenreleasenofnlocalnchemicalnmediatorsnthatnarenquicklyntakennup,ndest royed,nornimmobilized,nasninnthencasenofninsulinnandntheninhibitionnofnthensecretionnofnglucagon.nNo nenofnthenothernoptionsninvolvensignalingnthatnisnassociatednwithnanlocalnchemicalnmediatornlikeninsu lin.

9. Inncellularnmetabolism,neachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynforna:

• solute. 2 / 4

TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDING nPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

• substrate.
• receptor.
• ribosome.

ANS:nB

Eachnenzymenhasnanhighnaffinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificnsubstancenconvertedntonanproductnofnth enreaction.nCellularnmetabolismnisnnotndependentnonnannattractionnbetweennannenzymenandnanyno fnthenremainingnoptions.

• Annathletenrunsnanmarathon,nafternwhichnhisnmusclesnfeelnfatiguednandnunablentoncontract.nThenat

hletenasksnthennursenwhynthisnhappened.nThennurse’snresponsenisnbasednonnthenknowledgenthatnthen

problemnisnresultnofnandeficiencynof:

• GTP.
• AMP.
• ATP.
• GMP.

ANS:nC

WhennATPnisndeficient,nimpairednmusclencontractionnresults.nNonenofnthenothernoptionsnareninvo lvedninnmusclencontraction.

• WhichnphasenofncatabolismnproducesnthenmostnATP?
• Digestion
• Glycolysis
• Oxidation
• Citricnacidncycle

ANS:nD N

WhilensomenATPnisnproducednduringnthenoxidationnandnglycolysisnphases,nmostnofnthenATPnis generatednduringnthencitricnacidncycle.nDigestionndoesnnotnproducenanynATP.

• Annursenisnteachingnthenstaffnaboutnthenphasesnofncellularncatabolism.nWhichnphasesnshouldnthenn

urseninclude?

• Digestion,nglycolysis,noxidation,nandnthencitricnacidncycle
• Diffusion,nosmosis,nandnmediatedntransport
• Snphase,nGnphase,nandnMnphase
• Metabolicnabsorption,nrespiration,nandnexcretion

ANS:nA

Onlyndigestion,nglycolysis,noxidation,nandnthencitricnacidncyclenarenthenphasesnofncellularnc atabolism.

• Anrunnernhasndepletednallnthenoxygennavailablenfornmusclenenergy.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnwillnf

acilitatenhisncontinuednmusclenperformance?

• Electron-transportnchain
• Aerobicnglycolysis
• Anaerobicnglycolysis
• Oxidativenphosphorylation

ANS:nC 3 / 4

TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDING nPATHOPHYSIOLOGY n7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER

Whennnonoxygennisnavailable,nanaerobicnglycolysisnoccurs.nThenelectron- transportnchainnisnpartnofnthencitricnacidncycle.nAerobicnglycolysisninvolvesnthenpresencenofnoxyge n.nOxidativenphosphorylationnisnthenmechanismnbynwhichnthenenergynproducednfromncarbohydr ates,nfats,nandnproteinsnisntransferredntonATP.nItnisnnotnpartnofnmusclenperformance.

• Anfacultynmembernasksnanstudentntonidentifynthenappropriatentermnfornthenmovementnofnansolutenfr

omnannareanofngreaterntonlessernconcentration.nWhichnanswernindicatesnthennursingnstudentnunde rstoodnthenteaching?

• Osmosis
• Diffusion
• Hydrostaticnpressure
• Activentransport

ANS:nB

Diffusionnisnthenmovementnofnansolutenmoleculenfromnannareanofngreaternsolutenconcentrationntona nnareanofnlessernsolutenconcentrationnthroughnanpermeablenmembrane.nOsmosisnisnthenmovement nofnwaternacrossnansemipermeablenmembranenfromnanregionnofnhighernwaternconcentrationntonone nofnlowernconcentration.nHydrostaticnpressurenisnthenforcenofnfluidnagainstnancellnmembrane.nInna ctiventransport,nmoleculesnmovenupnanconcentrationngradient.

• Whichndescriptionnaccuratelyndescribesnelectrolytes?
• Smallnlipid-solublenmolecules
• Largenproteinnmolecules
• MicronutrientsnusedntonproducenATP
• Electricallynchargednmolecules

ANS:nD

ElectrolytesnarenelectricallynchaN rgednmolecules.nTheynarennotnlipidnsoluble,ntheynarennotnmade upnofnprotein,nandntheyndonnotnplaynanroleninnATPnproduction.

• Annursenisnreadingnanchartnandnseesnthentermnoncoticnpressure.nThennursenrecallsnthatnoncoticnp

ressuren(colloidnosmoticnpressure)nisndeterminednby:

• thenconcentrationnofnsodium.
• plasmanproteins.
• hydrostaticnpressure.
• thenavailabilitynofnmembranentransporternproteins.

ANS:nB

Oncoticnpressurenisndeterminednbyntheneffectnofncolloidsnornplasmanproteins.nThenconcentrationno fnsodiumnplaysnanroleninntonicity.nHydrostaticnpressurenisnthenforcenwithinnanvessel.nMembranentra nsporternproteinsnareninvolvedninnactiventransportnwithinnanconcentrationngradient.

17. Anpatientnhasnanbodynfluidnofn300nmOsm/kg.nThisnlabnresultnisnmeasuring:

• osmolality.
• osmolarity.
• osmoticnpressure.
• oncoticnpressure.

ANS:nA

• / 4