Theological Bioethics (RELG 2650) Midterm IDs Latest Updated 2024/2025 with Complete Solutions bioethics - Correct Answer The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care.ethics - Correct Answer sustained and intentional reflection on morality and the moral life with analysis, discontent, reasoning, and arguments moral rules or principles of behavior that should guide members of a profession or organization and make them deal honestly and fairly with each other and with their custom utilitarianism - Correct Answer 1 fundamental moral good-to maximize outcomes of "utility" -greatest good for the greatest number of people-the greatest aggregate happiness outcome deontological - Correct Answer -concerned with universal/general and impartial rules or responsibilities of moral conduct -absolute rule derived from ostensibly universal principles of reason, done solely out of sense of duty categorical imperative - Correct Answer A concept developed by the philosopher Immanuel Kant as an ethical guideline for behavior. In deciding whether an action is right or wrong, or desirable or undesirable, a person should evaluate the action in terms of what would happen if everybody else in the same situation, or category, acted the same way.-tells us what must be done irrespective of our personal desires or goals natural law - Correct Answer Thomas Aquinas -right actions are those that conform to the moral standards embedded in nature and all reasonable people can discover and affirm them through human reason -nature itself is telological rights theory - Correct Answer -derived from modern democratic thinking casuistry/ethical pragmatism - Correct Answer -focus on analyzing specific cases and then analogical reasoning from them 1 / 3
-claims confidence in circumstances vs broad general moral principles divine command theory - Correct Answer -view of ethics by most people who follow religion -source of long-standing moral code -morality is an expression of gods will 10 commandments-the symbol
Difficulties:
-problematic in pluralistic societies because depends on religious agreement -authoritarian and not autonomously motivated -too focused on the next/spiritual life revelation - Correct Answer God will communicate to people the basis of moral life through written and living heritage of the church (depositum fidei) convenant - Correct Answer (berit) the special partnership that god forges with this special figure of Abraham and then his decendents; and then the people at large -there are mutual rights and responsibilities; but always initiated by god (asymetric in that sense) -with specific people, but the purpose is to overflow into the rest of humanity (universal dynamic/significance) prophets - Correct Answer People who are said to receive messages from God to be taught to others - Torah - Correct Answer -"teaching/instruction" -says very little about medical care -God is the healer The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this -the code 2 / 3
Talmud - Correct Answer compilation of Mishna combined with Rabbinic commentary and decisions 2 versions 1.Palestinian
- Babylonian
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halakhah - Correct Answer Jewish laws as applied to jewish living -responsorial, ongoing engagement; return to sources and apply them to new issues in modern society -highly conversational, debate and questioning is part of the processes -causist-it does focus on specific cases and how they would relate to ones that have clear presence in the Torah -highly porous/open-ended -extended beyond what is clearly stated in the Talmud divine body ownership - Correct Answer in Jewish law the body is on loan from God for the duration of life, so there is a duty not to harm the body tikkun olam - Correct Answer respect for life is fundamental -responsibility to health and healing of the social order and the created order Jesus of Nazarath - Correct Answer (c. 4 BCE-30BCE) Israel's messiah, crucified and risen from the dead (Christos) -who was wandering teacher in the 1st century Palestine, he is the communication of God -Israel's promised messiah, fulfills Gods revelation to Israel religion and healthcare - Correct Answer anthropology - Correct Answer the study of human societies and cultures and their development.-the study of human biological and physiological characteristics and their evolution.creation - Correct Answer God originally created good (world and us)