AWHONN Neonatal All Modules A deformation is a(n) Correct Ans - abnormality caused by unusual mechanical forces on normal tissue.A low birth weight infant's temperature increases during skin-to-skin care.This is an example of heat transfer by Correct Ans - conduction.At the onset of labor the release of catecholamines stimulates Correct Ans
- increased absorption of lung fluid.
An edematous, bruised lesion on the right anterior scalp where the vacuum was applied. This lesion has clearly demarcated edges, is firm to touch, and does not cross the suture line. This is best described as a Correct Ans - cephalohematoma.An infant born at 40 5/7 weeks gestation and weighed 5 lbs 2oz (2,360 grams). In completing a gestational age assessment on this infant, you would identify her as Correct Ans - term, small for gestational age.During fetal life, the ductus arteriosus Correct Ans - diverts blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta.Expected findings in a neonate born to a mother who received magnesium sulfate in labor include Correct Ans - hypotonia.Eye prophylaxis with a single-use dose of sterile ophthalmic ointment containing 1% tetracycline or 0.5% erythromycin is usually administered within the first few hours of birth to prevent an eye infection caused by Correct Ans - gonorrhea.Following a birth complicated by shoulder dystocia, the neonate should be assessed for Correct Ans - Erb's palsy.Preeclampsia may result in all of the following fetal conditions Correct Ans - growth restriction, hypoxia/neurological injury, prematurity. 1 / 4
Hyperthermia is defined as an axillary temperature greater than 99.5ºF (37.5ºC). The MOST common cause of hyperthermia in the newborn is Correct Ans - environmental.In the immediate newborn transition period, the ability to maintain functional residual lung capacity is most dependent upon Correct Ans - an adequate amount of alveolar surfactant.Neonates at risk of hypoglycemia should have their glucose levels evaluated within 2 hours of life because Correct Ans - blood glucose levels reach their lowest point within one to two hours after delivery.Polycythemia in the immediate newborn period is often associated with Correct Ans - infant of a diabetic mother.Symptoms of mild perinatal asphyxia include Correct Ans - hyperalert state and jitteriness.The condition in which the newborn's immature hypothalamus does not regulate peripheral blood vessels, resulting in a vasoconstriction on one side of the body with a vasodilation on the opposite side of the body is called Correct Ans - harlequin phenomena.The following conditions may all lead to metabolic acidosis Correct Ans - loss of HCO3/excess acid load d/t prematurity, renal tubular necrosis, severe diarrhea, hypoxia, hypoperfusion, inborn errors of metabolism, caloric deprivation, intolerance of cow's milk protein.The full newborn cardiovascular assessment includes auscultation, inspection, and palpation. The point of maximum impulse is usually palpable and can be auscultated in the Correct Ans - third to fourth intercostal space and left of the midclavicular line.The neonate born to a mother with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus should be evaluated for Correct Ans - congenital malformations.You are the nurse caring for a 38 weeks gestation, female infant, who was born one hour ago in the parking lot of the emergency room. On admission to the nursery, the neonate's rectal temperature was 95ºF (35ºC). You recognize 2 / 4
that cold stress may predispose the infant to Correct Ans - increased oxygen consumption and hypoxia.A full term neonate who presents at six hours of age with increasingly labile oxygenation that appears disproportionate to the pulmonary disease should be evaluated for Correct Ans - pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.The development of pneumonia in chronically ventilated infants is most commonly associated with which of the following organisms? Correct Ans
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
Antenatal steroids enhance lung maturation by Correct Ans - increasing the number of type II pneumocytes in the lung.Mean airway pressure is defined as the Correct Ans - pressure transmitted to the lung throughout the respiratory cycle.Many infants with the diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) will have pharmacologic support. Identify the medication that is a direct-acting vasodilator and acts by relaxing pulmonary vessel musculature.Correct Ans - Nitric oxide
The following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.28, PaO2 74, PaCO2 55, HCO3-
21 and base deficit -4 indicate Correct Ans - respiratory acidosis.Nastassia is a one-hour-old neonate, born at 39 weeks gestation by primary cesarean birth for fetal bradycardia. She was hypotonic at birth with gasping respirations and a heart rate of 80. She was provided bulb suctioning and bag mask ventilation and recovered by five minutes of life. On admission to the NICU, her temperature was 36° C. After admission to the NICU, her arterial blood gas is pH: 7.19, PCO2: 63, HCO3: 14. The correct interpretation of this blood gas is Correct Ans - mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis.Which statement is most accurate when identifying the pathophysiology of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)? Correct Ans - Labor enhances the process of fetal lung fluid absorption 3 / 4
During which phase of fetal pulmonary development do the type II pneumocytes become numerous and begin to produce and store surfactant?Correct Ans - Canalicular phase An absence of air flow despite respiratory effort is an example of which apnea classification? Correct Ans - Obstructive apnea Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves oxygenation by Correct Ans - improving the ventilation-perfusion ratio.The functional residual capacity in a newborn infant should be approximately Correct Ans - 30 ml/kg.A 29 week gestation infant who displays symptoms of a pulmonary hemorrhage should be evaluated for Correct Ans - patent ductus arteriosus.The most significant role of surfactant in neonatal lung development is to Correct Ans - maintain alveolar stability by decreasing surface tension.Most respiratory disorders result in a ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Ideally, the ventilation-perfusion ratio should be Correct Ans - 1 to 1 A neonate at 12 hours of life with meconium aspiration syndrome who has been intubated since birth suddenly develops severe respiratory distress, tachycardia, and hypotension. Which diagnosis would be least likely to be in the differential? Correct Ans - Intraventricular hemorrhage Which of the following conditions is not an air leak? Correct Ans - Pneumatosis intestinalis The decision to intubate an infant born through thick meconium should be based on the infant's Correct Ans - response to stimulation and bag and mask ventilation.The type of patient-triggered ventilator that applies a constant pressure during inspiration and terminates with a decrease in air flow, thereby decreasing the work of breathing, is a(n) Correct Ans - pressure support ventilation.
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