Type of Concept Health and Illness: Oxygenation
Concept Perfusion Concept DefinitionThe flow of blood through arteries and capillaries to deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells and remove cellular waste products.Scope or Categories of Concept Ranges from optimal perfusion to no perfusion Central perfusion (mechanisms for blood delivery) and local or tissue perfusion (actual amount of blood available to target tissues) Definitions Ischemia It refers to lack of blood flow to a part of the body. Ischemia can result to damage of tissues as a result of lack of nutrients and oxygen. It occurs due to partial of full blockage of the hear arteries.Infarction It takes place when blood supply to a part of the cardiac muscle is fully blocked. This leads to a lengthy tissue ischemia and permanent cell damage.Anoxia It is occurs when there is limited supply of oxygen to a body part tissues despite sufficient blood supply to the tissue.Populations at Risk/ Individual Risk Factors
Populations: all individuals, regardless of age, gender, race, or socioeconomic
status, are potentially at risk for impaired perfusion. Some risk factors are controllable lifestyle behaviors, some are not. Populations at greatest risk are middle age and older adults, especially males and African Americans. Also at risk are infants with congenital heart defects.Individual: Modifiable risk factors: smoking, elevated serum lipids, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension; unmodifiable risk
factors: age, gender, and genetics
Risk Factors pathophysiology and modifiability Age – middle and older age groups
oRationale: Atherosclerosis, myocardial disease, and other
chronic diseases affecting cardiovascular function are more prevalent in these age groups. Older adults also have more fibrosis and sclerosis of the sinoatrial node and of the mitral and aortic valves.
oModifiable?: No.The possibility of men getting CAD
escalates between 45-50 years while that of women escalates between 55-60 years.Sex – male
oRationale: Atherosclerosis, myocardial disease, and other chronic
diseases affecting cardiovascular function are more prevalent in men.
oModifiable?: No. The connection between sex and CAD threat is
differentiated by age. Middle aged women have lower possibilities f developing CAD while after menopause the possibility of getting
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