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UCSB EEMB 2 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Question: Evolution
CORRECT ANSWER : the process by which different
kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Question: Lamarck
CORRECT ANSWER : -invertebrate zoology
-first comprehensive theory of evolution - use/disuse model (giraffes) -inheritance of acquired characteristics -importance of environments
Question: Lyell
CORRECT ANSWER : "Principles of Geology"
-countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws -earth is ancient and develops slowly
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Question: Malthus
CORRECT ANSWER : -pop growth will always
overtake the food supply
Question: Cuvier
CORRECT ANSWER : comparative anatomy and
extinction
Question: Hardy-Weinberg principle
CORRECT ANSWER : -Allele and genotype
frequencies in a population will remain constant from gen to gen in the absence of other evolutionary influences
Question: To remain at H-W equilibrium
CORRECT ANSWER : 1. large breeding pop
- random mating
- no change in allele freq due to mutation
- no immigration or emigration
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- no natural selection
Question: general equation to calculate individual allele
frequencies in a two-allele system (H-W)
CORRECT ANSWER : freqB = p = (2N[BB] +
N[Bb])/2N *Bb will never be greater than 50%
Question: Effective population size
CORRECT ANSWER : size of population that can mate
Question: Extinction vortex
CORRECT ANSWER : mutual reinforcement occurs
among biotic + abiotic processes that drives a population to extinction
Question: Gene flow
CORRECT ANSWER : transfer of genetic variation
from one pop to another
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Question: mutational meltdown
CORRECT ANSWER : accumulation of harmful
mutations in a small pop --> loss of fitness + decline in pop size -caused by genetic drift
Question: negative/positive assortative mating
CORRECT ANSWER : neg: avoid mating with similar individuals
pos: opposite ^
Question: balancing selection
CORRECT ANSWER : multiple alleles are maintained
in the gene pool of a population at frequencies higher than expected from genetic drift alone -could be due to heterozygote advantage, coevolutionary dynamics (other species exhibits a common trait in first species), negative assort mating, spatially (temporally fluctuating selection)