Ultimate WGU D002 OA Prep Latest Update 2024- 2025 200+ Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Graded A+
504 Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWER: No qualified handicapped
person shall, on the basis of handicap, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity which receives or benefits from Federal financial assistance.
Defines disabilities as impairments that significantly limit one or more major life activities, including walking, seeing, hearing, and learning.
Protects all people with disabilities, not only children, from discrimination in programs receiving federal funding, including all public schools.
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) - CORRECT ANSWER: Fine motor
skills assessment IQ test
American Disabilities Act of 1990 - CORRECT ANSWER: Largely replaces 504
Directly addreses communication and so it requires that closed captioning be provided to accommodate individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Areas that may be included in Universal Screening - CORRECT ANSWER: Vision -
Hearing - Reading - Math - Behavior - Social Emotional Skills
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson School System VS Rowley (1982) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: Is there a limit on what schools are expected to pay for their students? Parents wanted specialized, expensive services. School said efficient services were already in place.
Ruling: Schools are not required to provide superior services, they are required to provide services that are equal and appropriate.
Impact: FAPE
Brown VS Topeka Board of Education (1954) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: Most impactful, important, and famous court decisions in US history. Called for Topeka school districts to end racial segregation in its schools.
Ruling: Unanimously ruled that segregation violates the 14th amendment Separate
educational are inherently unequal
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Impact: Set the stage for future court decisions regarding students with disabilities. It determined that ALL students should have an equal opportunity in education. It became the basis for every SPED court case that would follow.
Daniel RR VS State Board of Education (1989) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: Daniel RR (student with Downs Syndrome) was not benefiting from a placement in a class of non-handicapped students. School recommended that he should be placed full time in self-contained classroom. The parents disagreed.
Ruling: Court ruled that the student had been placed in the least restrictive environment and so was not violating EAHA.
Impact: Daniel RR reinforced the concept of "Least Restrictive Environment" as well as what "maximum extent possible" meant in SPED situations.
Diana VS California State Board of Education (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: Nine Mexican-American students contested their placement in classes for students with mild mental retardation based solely on IQ tests administered in English.
Ruling: Students must be assessed in their primary language or with tests that do not require English fluency.
Impact: Paved the way for evaluation and assessment processes to be provided in the student's primary language.
Does FAPE guarantee the student a spot on a team or in an extracurricular activity? -
CORRECT ANSWER: No. FAPE does not provide preferential treatment. The student
must have an equal opportunity to participate.
Does FAPE require that parent demand for a specific instructional program or class setting be honored? - CORRECT ANSWER: No. The parent can provide input and state preferences. The IEP team makes the decision about services.
Does FAPE require that the school provide "the best possible services" or maximize the
potential for the student? - CORRECT ANSWER: No. FAPE is a basic opportunity to
make progress.
Does IDEA require/mandate full inclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER: • No!
• The education of students with disabilities must be proved, to the maximum extent appropriate, with those who do not have disabilities.• Age-appropriate placement is a consideration in LRE
Does LRE apply only to academic programming? - CORRECT ANSWER: • No!
• IDEA extends LRE to nonacademic and extracurricular activities. Examples:
breakfast/lunch, recess, sports, student organizations, clubs
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Does the parent have to agree to eligibility determination assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER: o No.
- The school will not be able to assess for eligibility determination.
- The child will "stay put" in the general education classroom
Stay Put is one of the procedural safeguards provided to parents and students in IDEA.
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 - CORRECT ANSWER: Increased
federal funding to ensure that students with disabilities had equal educational opportunities and required that schools follow the laws to receive funding.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) - CORRECT ANSWER: First
federal law to specifically address the education of students with disabilities.
Eligibility Determination - CORRECT ANSWER: • The student meets requirements for one or more categories of disability in IDEA • The student requires special education and related services as a result of the disability • The disability has a negative affect the student's educational achievement or performance • Requirements for ID category • Requirements for the SLD category • Reporting Results to Parents
Endrew F VS Douglas County School District (2017) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: What are the expectation of an IEP. A student with ASD had made no progress on his IEP goals. Parents argued that he should have an equal opportunity to achieve and be placed in a gen ed classroom. School argued that he only had the right to "de minimis" or a minimal benefit from his IEP and thus they had followed the law.
Ruling: The de minimis standard was rejected unanimously affirming that receiving basic, or some benefit of education, was not satisfactory nor an acceptable rationale by the school district. IDEA expects that students can be integrated into a regular classroom and are expected to advance like other students.
Impact: The court affirmed that the intent of IDEA is for students with disabilities to make meaningful progress and meet appropriately ambitious goals. IEPs must be reasonably calculated to the student's needs and circumstance.
Evaluation for Special Education - CORRECT ANSWER: • Multidisciplinary Team
(MDT) • Assessment Plan Design • Administration and Interpretation of Results
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - CORRECT ANSWER: a federal
statute designed to ensure that parents have access to their children's educational records and to protect the privacy rights of parents and children by requiring parental consent before private information about a student record can be shared with others. 3 / 4
FERPA provides procedures for parents and students over the age of 18 to correct educational records they feel are not accurate. Parents and students over the age of 18 have the right to view these records. School districts must comply with a request by a parent or student over the age of 18 within a reasonable amount of time. A reasonable amount of time is usually considered to be 45 days or less after the request for records.
Florence County School District Four VS Shannon Carter (1993) & Forest Grove School District VS TA (2009) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: Coping with disabilities can be expensive and questions of cost were at the heart of these cases. Who pays when students are not, or can not be, provided with a FAPE and parents are forced to take action?
Ruling: When public schools fail to provide a FAPE, requiring parents to turn to private schools, the parents are entitled to reimbursement.
Impact: Represent important political and cultural shifts and parental options and protections. The ability for parents to seek out resources when public schools failed to provide them was greatly expanded.
Full Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER: The belief that all children with disabilities
(regardless of severity) should be taught exclusively with appropriate supports and accommodations in the general education classroom with their nondisabled peers.
General Outcome Measures (GOM) - CORRECT ANSWER: Measures the growth of
outcomes over an extensive period of time.
Throughout the school year, Joseph is administered a CBM that requires him to read a two- minute passage. His score is based on the amount of correct words read per minute.
Hobson VS Hansen (1967) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: Civil rights activist Julius Hobson claimed that students were being assigned special tracks based on race and IQ testing.
Ruling: Federal Court ruled against a tracking system in which children are placed into regular or special education classes according to intelligence tests. Tests are racially biased.
Impact: Influenced IDEA part B which requires non-discriminatory testing and
classification requirements and safeguards against misclassification.
Honig VS Doe (1988) - CORRECT ANSWER: Overview: School administrators tried to indefinitely expel 2 students with emotional disturbances for their violent disruptive conduct. Since the behaviors were a consequence of their disabilities, the plaintiffs held
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